Seed data & online order form

We pride ourselves in supplying seeds which are fresh, viable, and should germinate well, given the right pre-treatment. Many are harvested by us from our own plants. All our seeds are stored in cold, dry conditions to make sure their chances of germination are maximised; none have been treated with fungicides or other chemicals.

We can send seeds anywhere as long as there are no import restrictions and that no phytosanitory certificate is needed – please make sure you are allowed to import the seeds you are ordering (NB since Jan 2002 the USA and Canada have required a phyto certificate, so we can no longer supply there). Please note that Australia has strict quarantine requirements (see www.aqis.gov.au for details).

Postage is £1.50 for UK orders, £2.00 for EC orders, £2.50 for overseas orders..

Many species are dioecious in nature, meaning that male and female flowers occur on different plants, and fruits form only on female plants. Growing these species from seed is an ideal way of ensuring that a mixture of male and female plants is obtained; if possible, grow on at least 4 or 5 plants to give yourself a good chance of having at least one male. Excess male plants can always be weeded out once it becomes clear what sex the plants are.

Details given for seeds in the tables below have an order code (eg. ‘091D’), price, seed count, and a code for the recommended seed treatment prior to sowing.

Stratification of seeds involves mixing the seed with a moist medium and keeping warm and/or cold for a certain time before sowing. We recommend mixing seeds with moist (not wet) silver sand, using 4 parts or more sand to one of seeds; the mix should be placed in a plastic bag which can be sealed and re-opened. Label the bag well! Warm stratification means keeping the seed/sand mix at about room temperature, 60-70°F or 15-21°C; cold means keeping the mix at about 40°F (5°C) - a domestic fridge is ideal for small quantities. When cold stratifying over winter, seed/sand mixes can be placed outside in a rodent/bird-proof container (eg. a plastic dustbin). Whenever stratifying seed, check every week or two to see if germination is starting. When it does you will see white roots start to emerge from seeds, and if this happens then the seeds should be sown immediately. If this isn't possible, keep the mix at a temperature just above freezing until you can sow.

Scarification of seeds involves softening the hard seed coat in some way to allow water to be imbibed into the seed. The simplest way of achieving this is to give the seeds a hot water soak, putting them into water at about 190°F (88°C) and allowing them to stand for several hours while the water cools. Alternatively, the seeds can be physically rubbed, eg. between two sheets of fine sandpaper - take care not to rub too much.

Dewaxing – some seeds are covered in a layer of wax (notably Myrica species) which stops the seeds imbibing water and germinating. This must be removed before stratification or sowing – the best way to do this is to rub the seeds between two sheets of coarse sandpaper (do it for periods of a few seconds at a time, then check the seeds – you only want to get rid of the wax and not damage the seeds!)

Seeds which take a long time to germinate are best sown in seed trays or pots, and covered with sand rather than compost. Very small seeds should be sown on the surface of the compost and the tray/pot kept moist by enclosing it in a plastic bag. Finally, don't give up if seeds don't germinate, or only a few germinate, in the first year - many seeds spread out their germination over more than one year. If the seeds are large enough, you can check their viability by cutting one in half - the seed embryo inside should be white and solid, and not soft or watery.

After the description of each species, codes are given for the recommended treatment to promote good germination. (Note that using these treatments does not guarantee germination. Seed lots vary in their requirements and these are a general guide only.) The codes used are:

ND    Not dormant, sow in spring.
SI      Not dormant, but must be sown immediately.
SC    Scarify and sow in spring.
CS    Cold stratify. Followed by a number of weeks, eg CS 13 = cold stratify 13 weeks (3 months).
WS   Warm stratify. Followed by a number of weeks, eg WS 6 = warm stratify 6 weeks.

Warm stratification can sometimes be followed by cold stratification, eg. WS 13 + CS 13 means 13 weeks warm first then 13 weeks cold stratification.

Assuming an intended sowing date of April 1st, then 4 weeks of stratification should start on 4th March, 6 weeks on 17th February, 8 weeks on 3rd February, 13 weeks on 1st January, 16 weeks on 10th December, 20 weeks on 12th November, 26 weeks on 1st October, etc.

Seeds are listed in Latin name order - you can use the shortcuts on the left to jump to a particular letter. To the left of each species description are three columns for trees, shrubs and perennials; with a 'T' in the tree column, or an 'S' in the shrub column or a 'P' in the perennials column. Thus to concentrate on just trees, you can scroll down the list, picking out those with a 'T' in the first column, etc.

T			089 Abies amabilis Pacific fir. A large evergreen tree from Western N.America, growing 6 m (20 ft) in 10 years. Has beautiful silvery-white bark when young and very resinous winter buds. The young shoot tips can be used to make a fragrant tea. The timber is valued for construction, joinery etc. Likes a moist acid soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (15 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			090 Abies balsamea Balsam fir. A medium or large evergreen tree from the Northern parts of N.America. Has very resinous winter buds. Grows 4 m (13 ft) in 10 years. The shoot tips are used to make a tea, and a sweet gummy exudation from the trunk is edible. Resin from the buds is used medicinally and in scientific laboratories. Timber is valued for construction etc. Likes an acid site in sun or part shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (23 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			091 Abies grandis Grand fir. A very large, fast-growing evergreen tree from Western N.America, growing 5 m (16 ft) in 10 years. The fragrant young shoots are used to make a tea. The timber is valued for construction, joinery etc., and the young tops used as Xmas trees. Tolerates deep shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			091A Abies nobilis Noble fir. Large evergreen tree growing 50m (160 ft) high from the Western USA. Tops of young trees used as Xmas trees; timber valuable for construction etc. Likes an acid soil and tolerates deep shade when young. Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (15 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		091B Acanthopanax senticosus Siberian ginseng. (Syn. Eleutherococcus s.) A large shrub from Siberia growing to 7 m (23 ft) high. Fruits are juicy and edible, the size of peas. The roots are used as a ginseng substitute - widely in Asia. Likes sun and a well drained site. Hardy to about -25°C Stratification: CS26+WS13 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	091C Acanthus mollis Bear’s breeches. A perennial deep-rooted plant from Europe, growing 1.2 m (4 ft) high and 0.6 m (2 ft) across; likes a well-drained soil and sun or part shade. It makes a good ground cover, spreading by suckers. The leaves are used medicinally. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: ND Packet (5 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		091D Acca sellowiana (Syn. Feijoa sellowiana) Pineapple guava. Bushy evergreen shrub with grey-green leaves growing to 2 m (6 ft) high or more. Large flowers are white and purple in midsummer, and are followed by reddish-green edible fruits 5 cm (2”) long in hot summers. The fruits are delicious, being aromatic, with a pineapple-strawberry flavour. The flowers are also edible raw, being sweet crisp and delicious. Can be used for hedging in mild maritime areas - hardy to -12°C. Likes sun and a well-drained soil; good on walls in cooler climes. Stratification: ND Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			094 Acer macrophyllum Oregon maple. A large tree from Western N.America. The dark shining green leaves turn a clear yellow in autumn, and the clusters of large yellow flowers and bristly fruits are very ornamental. A good producer of edible sap. The flower clusters are edible raw (sweet) and it is a good bee plant. Timber is used for joinery etc. Likes a moist position in sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS12 Packet (8 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			095 Acer negundo Box elder. A fast-growing, bushy-headed large North American tree, growing 5 m (16 ft) in 10 years. A source of edible sap and a good bee plant; the timber is used for joinery, cooperage etc. Likes sun or part shade; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: CS20 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			098 Acer rubrum Red maple. A North American large tree, whose foliage turns rich red and scarlet in autumn. A good producer of edible sap; also a bee plant and the source of a blue dye from its bark. Timber is used for furniture etc. Likes a moist, slightly acid soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			099 Acer saccharum Sugar maple. The famous large tree from Eastern N.America, the sap of which is the source of commercial maple syrup. The foliage colours richly in the autumn. The dewinged seeds are edible if cooked and the tree is a bee plant. The timber is valued for joinery etc. Likes a moist, slightly acid soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (12 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	099D Achillea millefolium Yarrow. Mat-forming perennial, spreading via rhizomes. Edible leaves, medicinal, bee plant, ground cover, accumulator. Likes sun and a well drained site; hardy to –40 °C Stratification: ND Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		100C Actinidia chinensis Smooth kiwi. Not to be confused with the better known and hairy skinned A.deliciosa, this is a smooth skinned climber with large smooth-skinned fruits of excellent flavour. The sap from stems can be used as a glue and the plant for facade insulation. Dioecious; hardy, to -15°C. NB Protect from cats who love to eat the plant! Stratification: CS4 Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		101A Actinidia polygama Silver vine. Another climbing kiwi, reaching 5 m (16 ft) high, from Japan. The fruits are edible, the leaves used medicinally and the plant can be used for facade insulation. Likes sun and a well-drained soil; hardy to about -20°C. NB Protect from cats who love to eat the plant! Stratification: CS4 Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101B Agastache foeniculum Anise hyssop. A perennial growing to 90 cm (3 ft) high, which likes a sunny position and a well-drained soil. The leaves and flowers are edible raw, with an excellent sweet aniseed flavour. The plant can also be used medicinally and is liked by bees. Hardy to -10ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101D Agastache rugosa Korean mint. Perennial growing to 60 cm (2 ft) high or more, with spikes of blue flowers much loved by bees. The leaves are anise-flavoured and used as a flavouring and for teas; also medicinally in Chinese medicine. Likes a well-drained soil and sun; hardy to -10ºC or so. Stratification: ND Packet (150 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			101C Ailanthus altissima Tree of heaven. A medium to large tree from N.China, growing 7 m (23 ft) in 10 years. The bark is used medicinally, the leaves for silkworm fodder, and the timber for construction, joinery etc. Attracts beneficial insects. Any soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		101H Akebia trifoliata Three leaf akebia. Another climber from Japan and China, growing up to 6 m (20 ft) high. The sweet pulp from the seeds pods is edible, and the leaves are used in teas. Stems are sometimes used for basketry. Prefers a sunny site; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (8 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101G Alchemilla mollis Lady’s mantle. Perennial from Northern Europe growing to 50 cm (20”) high. The leaves, stems and roots are all well known medicinal parts, and the plant makes a good ground cover in shade – tolerates deep shade. Stratification: CS4 Packet (100 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		B	101J Alliaria petiolata Garlic mustard. Native European hedgerow plant growing to 1.2 m (4 ft) high. The leaves are edible with a garlic/mustard flavour (gets hotter over the season). Also edible are the seeds and roots as a condiment. Good wildlife and bee plant. Sun or part shade. Stratification: ND Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
			101K Allium babingtonii Stratification: Packet (5 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101N Allium carinatum pulchellum Keeled garlic. Bulbous, clump-forming perennial to 60 cm (2 ft) high, virtually evergreen, with rich purple flower in summer. Does not produce bulbils. Edible leaves & flowers – garlic flavour. Likes sun and a well-drained site; hardy to -15°C Stratification: ND Packet (35 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101L Allium moly Golden garlic. Perennial from Southern Europe growing to 30 cm (1 ft) high which likes sun or light shade. It has edible leaves, flowers and bulbs, all with a mild garlic flavour. Bees like the flowers. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: WS4+CS4 Packet (14 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101M Allium neapolitanum Daffodil garlic. A perennial from Europe which produces edible, garlic-flavoured bulbs, young leaves (excellent in salads) and flowers (good in salads). Leaves are retained in most winters and can be used in winter salads; top dies down in midsummer until autumn. Prefers sun, though it is one of the few Alliums to tolerate deep shade in a well-drained location. Hardy to -12°C. Stratification: ND Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101P Allium schoenoprasum Chives. Well known perennial from Europe, growing to 60 cm (2 ft) high when it flowers. Usually grown for the edible leaves, excellent raw in salads or cooked. The flowers can also be eaten, and bees love the flowers. Likes sun or light shade. Hardy to -23°C. Stratification: ND Packet (120 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101R Allium senescens Ballhead onion. Vigorous bulbous perennial to 60 cm (2 ft) high with purplish-pink flowers in summer. Edible bulbs, leaves, young shoots. Likes sun and a well-drained site; hardy to -20°C Stratification: ND Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101Q Allium tuberosum Garlic chives, Chinese chives. Chinese perennial growing to 50 cm (20”) high which needs a sunny site. Well known for its edible leaves with a garlic flavour; also edible are the bulbs, seeds and flowers. Also used medicinally. Bees like the flowers. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: ND Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	102 Allium ursinum Ramsons, wild garlic. A perennial woodland plant forming dense carpets of garlic-flavoured foliage from early spring until midsummer. Excellent as a garlic-substitute; flowers and bulbs are edible as well as the leaves - all being garlic flavoured. Has similar medicinal properties to garlic, and a good bee plant. Hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS13-17 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			103 Alnus cordata Italian Alder. A medium sized tree from Italy, fast growing and very wind-hardy. Tolerates much drier conditions than most alders and one of the best temperate Nitrogen-fixing species for drier areas. Excellent in windbreaks, growing 50-100 cm per year. A source of pollen for bees in March. The sap is edible (tapped and processed), while the timber is used for furniture, charcoal and gunpowder, clogs, water pumps, turnery etc. Give full sun or part shade. Hardy to -20°C and excellent in Britain. Stratification: CS8 Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			104 Alnus glutinosa Common or European alder. The native British alder, a fast-growing large tree eventually reaching 25m (80 ft+). One of the best nitrogen-fixing species to use in damp or wet areas with good light. Excellent in hedges and windbreaks, with growth of 1m (3 ft) per year common for the first 10 years. Good source of pollen for honey and bumble bees in February and March. Several dyes are obtained from parts of the plant and the bark was used for tanning. The timber is traditionally used for charcoal and gunpowder, pumps and sluices, clogs and carving; furniture and plywood. Hardy to -30°C or more. Stratification: CS8 Packet (350 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			104C Alnus incana Grey alder. A fast-growing European large tree, growing 6 m (20 ft) in 10 years. Nitrogen-fixing like other alders. It is a good early bee plant and the leaves and bark are used medicinally. The wood is used for clogs, turnery, carving etc. Likes a moist site in sun or part shade; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			104F Alnus rubra Red alder. Another nitrogen-fixing, large, fast-growing tree which makes an excellent windbreak. The sap, buds and inner bark have all been eaten, the bark used for dyeing red, and the timber is used for furniture, turnery, clogs, canoes and to smoke fish. Likes a reasonably moist soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (250 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		106 Amelanchier alnifolia Saskatoon, Regent serviceberry. One of the best North American Amelanchiers for fruit, the saskatoon is a large shrub reaching 5m (16 ft) with rounded leaves and tasty, sweet blue-black fruit about ½" (12 mm) across produced abundantly. Good in windbreaks and hedges, and sometimes used for erosion control. Source of pollen for bees in April. Likes a moist, sunny site but tolerates some shade. Growth 3m (10 ft) in 10 years; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: WS4+CS16 Packet (50 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		106C Amelanchier canadensis Serviceberry. A large shrub or small tree from Eastern North America growing to 8 m (27 ft) high. White flowers in spring are followed by edible sweet bluish fruits. Good in hedges, bees like the flowers, and the wood is sometimes used for handles and fishing rods. Prefers a moist sunny site; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS20 Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		107 Amelanchier lamarckii Apple serviceberry. A large Canadian shrub, reaching a maximum 10 m (32 ft) high; grows about 60 cm (2 ft) per year. Like most other 'Juneberries', it bears good crops of sweet, tasty, succulent, apple-flavoured fruits around June. Also good in hedges. Likes sun or part shade. Hardy to -25°C. Stratification: WS4+CS16 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		107B Amorpha canescens Lead plant.. A small shrub from Central N.America, growing to 1.2 m (4 ft) high. A nitrogen-fixing legume, its leaves are used to make a tea, pustules on the plant contain an insecticide, and the plant is used for erosion control. Likes a dry sunny site and tolerates wind; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (70 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		107C Amorpha fruticosa False indigo. A medium Sized North American shrub, growing to 3-4 m (10-13 ft) high. It is a nitrogen-fixing legume. The crushed seeds have been used as a condiment (though they may not be wholesome); resinous pustules on the plant contain an insecticidal compound effective against aphids and cattle flies. The plant contains small amounts of indigo pigment and can be used to make a blue dye. A good wildlife plant. Needs a well-drained soil and sun or light shade; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: CS2 Packet (150 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		B	107E Angelica archangelica Angelica. a large biennial from slightly shady places in Europe, growing to 2 m (7 ft) high. Stems are edible, often candied. All parts are used medicinally, the essential oil is used in perfumery and as a food flavouring. Likes a moist slightly acid soil with some shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: WS4+CS4 Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	107F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow parsley, wood chervil. Well-known hedgerow perennial, which is closely related to chervil. Leaves are used as a herb – chervil flavour. Likes sun or part shade; hardy to -15°C Stratification: ND Packet (60 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		107M Aralia chinensis Chinese angelica tree. A large shrub from Northeastern Asia, growing to 5 m (16 ft) high. The young shoots are edible (cooked) with an angelica flavour. The stem and roots are used medicinally. Bees also like the plant. Likes a partly shaded site; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (400 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		108 Aralia elata Japanese angelica tree. A large prickly Japanese shrub, reaching 10 m (32 ft) high or more, growing about 40 cm per year. The young cooked shoots are edible, with an Angelica flavour. A source of nectar for bees in summer, while all parts have been used medicinally. Likes a position in part shade. Hardy to -30°C or so. Stratification: CS13 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			110 Arbutus unedo Strawberry tree. A small bushy evergreen tree from southern Europe, reaching 10m (32 ft) high. Produces abundant red strawberry-like fruits 20 mm across with a delicate flavour. Good in hedges; good source of late nectar and pollen for bees in October-December. The bark and leaves have been used both for tanning and medicinally. Growth 2.5m (8 ft) in 10 years; hardy to about -15°C. Stratification: ND Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		110F Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry, Kinnikinnick. A prostrate, spreading evergreen shrub from Northern temperate regions; grows 30 cm (1 ft) high. The pea-sized fruits are edible, while the leaves are used medicinally, in teas, for tanning and dyeing. Good ground cover and bee plant. Likes an acid soil and a position in sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: SC Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		111 Aronia melanocarpa Black chokeberry. A shrub from North America, growing to 2.5 m (8 ft) high. It grows in any soil, in sun or part shade. It bears lots of black fruits, 7 mm across, which are edible with a good flavour when cooked in pies etc. Hardy to -25ºC. Stratification: CS13 Packet (150 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	111C Artemisia dracunculus Tarragon. Perennial plant from southern Russia, source of the familiar herb. As well as the edible leaves, the essential oil is used as a flavouring and the leaves are used medicinally. Likes a dry sunny site; hardy to -15°C. Watch out for slug predation. Stratification: ND Packet (300 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	111F Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort. European perennial, growing to 2.5 m (8 ft) high when in flower. The leaves can be eaten raw and used as a flavouring; but mainly used for the medicinal leaves and shoots. The essential oil is used in perfumery. Likes a moist but well drained sunny site; hardy to -30°C. Stratification: ND Packet (500 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	111G Asclepias incarnata Swamp milkweed. Perennial growing to 1 m (3 ft) high with pinkish-purple flowers from summer to autumn. All the milkweeds have edible young shoots (cooked like asparagus) and flowers buds (with a pea flavour). A fibre is produced from the stems, and the seed floss is water-repellent and formerly used in life jackets. The stems produce a latex in small amounts which makes a high quality rubber. Prefers a moist soil and sun; protect young plants from slugs. Hardy to -35ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		P	111J Asclepias speciosa Showy milkweed. A vigorous perennial growing 75 cm (2½ ft) high, spreading, with woolly leaves and purple-pink flowers in summer. See A.incarnata details for uses. Likes a moist soil and sun; protect young plants from slugs. Hardy to -40ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (10 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	111H Asclepias syriaca Common milkweed. A perennial growing 1 m (3 ft) high or more and spreading freely, with purple and pink flowers in summer. See A.incarnata details for uses. Likes a well drained soil and sun; protect young plants from slugs. Hardy to -35ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	111L Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly weed, Pleurisy root. A tuberous perennial growing 75 cm (2½ ft) high with yellowish-orange flowers in summer. See A.incarnata details for uses; this species has flowers very rich in nectar (which can crystallise and hang in lumps) which makes a sweet summer snack. A long-used medicinal plant. Likes a well-drained soil and sun; protect young plants from slugs. Hardy to -35ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		112 Asimina triloba Pawpaw. A large North American shrub reaching up to 12 m (40 ft) high with large bottle-shaped fruits of fine flavour. Needs a moist, sunny position in Britain, where fruits are produced in good summers. The bark and leaves are pesticidal and medicinal, while the stringy inner bark has been used for fishing lines. Grows 4 m (13 ft) high in 10 years; hardy to around -20°C. Seeds and plants are from improved fruiting cultivars. Stratification: CS13 Packet (5 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		P	112A Asperula odorata Sweet woodruff. European perennial growing to 50 cm (20”) high. Flowers are edible in salads and the leaves as a flavouring. The leaves and stems are used medicinally, the plant can be used as a ground cover and bees like the flowers. Dyes are obtained from all parts. Likes a moist shady site; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	112C Astragalus glycyphyllos Milk vetch. A perennial legume from Europe, growing 60 cm (2 ft) high. Likes a well-drained soil and a sunny position. The foliage is palatable to stock and used for fodder; the leaves have been used to make a tea. Nitrogen-fixer, hardy to -20°C or more. Stratification: SC Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		113 Atriplex canescens Saltbush, Grey sage brush. An evergreen shrub with silvery-grey leaves, reaching 2m (7 ft) high. The leaves and shoots make an excellent spinach with a good flavour, and the seeds are also edible cooked. Very wind-hardy and suitable for hedges in mild and maritime areas; needs a sunny, well-drained site. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: ND Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		114 Atriplex halimus Tree purslane, Mediterranean salt bush. An evergreen shrub with silvery-grey leaves, to 2m (7 ft) high but often smaller. The leaves and shoots are excellent lightly cooked, and the seed is also edible. Good in maritime hedges, and used to stabilise sand dunes. Needs a sunny site and not too acid a soil; hardy to -10°C. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		114C Berberis aggregata Salmon barberry. A medium sized deciduous shrub from W.China, densely-branched and reaching 2.5 m (8 ft) high. Light yellow flowers are followed by masses of cinnamon red edible fruits (fairly acid, lemony flavour - a lemon substitute). Good in hedges. Likes sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS20 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		116 Berberis asiatica Himalayan barberry. An evergreen berberis from the Himalayas, a vigorous large shrub to 3.5m (12 ft) high preferring a part shady site. Edible fruits, 8 mm across, ripening blue-black. Hardy to about -15°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (50 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		116C Berberis buxifolia Magellan barberry. An evergreen shrub from Southern Chile growing to 3 m (10 ft) high. The large black fruits are eaten cooked or used in preserves. Also used as a hedging plant. Likes a partly shaded site; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS20 Packet (25 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		117 Berberis darwinii Darwin's barberry. An evergreen shrub to 3m (10 ft) high, thriving in the British climate and producing an abundance of edible fruits in early summer. Likes a part shady site, and tolerates quite deep shade; good in hedges. Very good as an understorey crop. The bark and roots yield a yellow dye; the plant is a source of nectar and pollen for honey and bumble bees in April and May. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS17 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		119 Berberis vulgaris Barberry, Pipperidge. The native British barberry, a deciduous shrub to 3m (10 ft) high bearing lots of clusters of bright red, egg-shaped edible fruits (very acid, lemony, used as a lemon substitute, to make a drink or for preserves). The flowers, leaves and shoot tips have also been eaten. Likes a sunny or part-shady site; very good in hedges. Source of nectar and pollen for honey and bumble bees in May. Several parts of the plant have been used for dyeing and medicinally. Hardy to -35°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			119H Betula lenta Sweet birch. Large tree from Eastern North America, growing to 25 m (80 ft) high there. The sap is edible when tapped; also eaten are the leaves, young shoots (made into a tea) and bark. A medicinal oil (wintergreen) is distilled from the bark which is itself used medicinally. The bark has been used for roofing and waterproofing canoes; and the timber is valued for construction etc. Likes a sunny well-drained site; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (500 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			120 Betula papyrifera Paper birch, Canoe birch. This is the tree many of the north American Indians used the water-resistant bark of to line their canoes and make waterproof wrappings, torches, baskets, paper and roof linings. A large tree to 30m (100 ft) high with white papery bark, very hardy, with edible young leaves, shoots and catkins; the sap is edible and used to make syrup (like maple syrup), wine and vinegar. The timber is used for shoe lasts, veneers and plywood. Growth is 6m (20 ft) in 10 years. Extremely hardy. Stratification: CS4 Packet (350 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			120C Betula pendula Silver birch. A medium or large tree from Europe and Asia, with distinctive white bark and weeping branches. Fast growing, about 80 cm (2½ ft) per year, reaching 20 m (70 ft) high at maximum. Likes dryish soils on the acid side, and tolerates part shade; extremely hardy, to about -40°C. The wood is used for fuel, furniture, utensils, turnery, wooden nails, cooperage, flooring, handles, clothes pegs etc. Edible parts include the leaves, sap (tapped in the same way as maples), and inner bark; these parts have also been used medicinally. The branches make good besoms. The tree acts as a green manure tree by shedding nutrient-rich leaves which enrich the surrounding soil. Stratification: CS4 Packet (400 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			120F Betula pubescens Downy Birch. Native to Europe and northern Asia, the downy birch is often mistaken for the common silver birch: it also has white bark and differs by being less weeping and by having smooth downy shoots. A fast growing tree reaching 25m (80 ft+), and growing to 8m (25 ft) ten years after planting. Likes damper locations than the silver birch, soils on the acid side, and tolerates part shade; extremely hardy, to -35 or -45°C. Like the silver birch, the plant has numerous uses: the wood is used for fuel, furniture, utensils, turnery, wooden nails, cooperage, flooring, handles, clothes pegs etc. Edible parts include the leaves, sap (tapped in the same way as maples), and inner bark; these parts have also been used medicinally. The branches make good besoms. The tree acts as a green manure tree by shedding nutrient-rich leaves which enrich the surrounding soil. Stratification: CS4 Packet (500 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			120B Broussonetia papyrifera Paper mulberry. A rounded small tree or large shrub, growing to 8 m (25 ft) high, with large grey-green leaves. Small flowers are followed by mulberry-like, sweet edible orange-red fruits in autumn (on female trees - dioecious). The roots, leaves, bark and fruits are all used medicinally. Cultivated in Asia for the fibre made from its bark: can be beaten flat to make a cloth. Likes a sunny and sheltered site - hardy to -10°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			120N Buxus sempervirens Box. Small bushy evergreen tree with glossy dark green leaves. Has valuable very hard timber and medicinal leaves. Likes part shade and a fertile, well-drained soil; hardy to -20°C Stratification: CS26 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	120T Calamintha nepeta Calamint savory, Lesser calamint. A wide spreading perennial growing to 60 cm (2 ft) high, with stems rooting as they go, with white-lilac flowers in profusion from spring to summer. The leaves are used as a flavouring and for teas, also medicinally; bees love the flowers. Makes a very good ground cover plant. Likes any reasonable soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -20ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		A	120G Calendula officinalis Marigold. The familiar self-seeding annual grows 40-60 cm high with masses of bright yellow flowers liked by bees and hoverflies. The aromatic leaves and flower petals are edible in salads and used medicinally; the flowers dye yellow. The oil from the seeds is now used industrially. A very good companion plant, for example with potatoes; once sown it will self-seed forever. Likes a position in sun or part shade. Stratification: ND Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		120H Calluna vulgaris Ling, Heather. A familiar moorland plant from Europe, making a dwarf evergreen shrub up to 1 m (3 ft) high. The flower heads and young shoots are used to make a tea and beer. Flowers are used medicinally, bees love the flowers and the plant makes a good ground cover. Needs A well-drained, acid soil and full sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS20 Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		121 Calycanthus floridus Carolina allspice, Spicebush. A dense bushy shrub to 3m (10 ft) high, with aromatic leaves and bark usable as a spice or flavouring, with a cinnamon flavour. Likes a moist, sunny spot. Hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (8 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	120X Camassia quamash Quamash. North American bulbous perennial growing to 80 cm (32”) high. The bulbs are edible, usually cooked, with a chestnut flavour. Likes a sunny or part shady site which is moist and well drained; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	121A Campanula lactiflora Milky bellflower. A large perennial, growing up to 1.5 m (5 ft) high, self-seeds readily. The leaves are edible, being mild-flavoured and fine for salads. Bees love the summer flowers for their nectar and pollen. Likes sun or part shade, hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	121B Campanula latifolia Giant bellflower. A native harebell, a perennial growing 1.2 m (4 ft) high, which self-seeds readily and makes a good ground cover. Leaves, young shoots and flowers are edible, good in salads. Bee plant. Likes part or full shade, hardy to -35°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	121H Campanula rapunculoides Creeping bellflower. A perennial from North America, growing up to 1.2 m (4 ft) high, which self-seeds rampantly and makes a good ground cover. As well as having pleasant edible leaves, this species also has a nice edible root (raw or cooked), and dyes have been obtained from the aerial parts. Likes sun or part shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: ND Packet (1000 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	121L Campanula rapunculus Rampion. European biennial growing to 1 m (3 ft) high. Formerly grown for its edible roots (raw or cooked – sweet); also has edible young leaves and shoots. Bees like the flowers. Prefers a moist or wet acid soil and sun or part shade. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		122 Caragana arborescens Siberian pea shrub. A large leguminous shrub from Siberia, reaching 6 m (20 ft) high and growing some 40 cm per year. The seeds, produced in numerous pods following yellow flowers, are edible when cooked (having a pea flavour), as are the young pods. A fibre is obtained from the bark. Bees visit the flowers and the species is a good fixer of nitrogen. A very hardy hedging and windbreak tree, hardy to -40°C. Stratification: SC Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			122D Carpinus betulus Hornbeam. A large European tree growing up to 30 m (100 ft) high - 8 m (27 ft) in 10 years. The leaves have been used medicinally, but mainly used for its valuable timber which is very hard. Also used in hedges and windbreaks, and a yellow dye is obtained from the bark. Any soil, tolerates deep shade when young; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS39 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		122E Ceanothus sanguineus Oregon tea. Shrub from Western North America growing to 3 m (10 ft) in height and spread. A nitrogen-fixer which likes a well drained soil and sun or light shade. The leaves are used to make a tea. Bees love the flowers. Hardy to about -20°C. Stratification: SC Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			122F Cedrus atlantica Atlas cedar. A large stately evergreen tree from North Africa, growing to 30 m (100 ft) or more there. Most valued for the essential oil distilled from the wood which is used medicinally and in perfumery and toiletries; the timber is also valued for construction etc. Likes a dry sunny site; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (14 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		122M Celastrus orbiculatus Bittersweet. A vigorous climber from Northeastern Asia, growing to 12 m (40 ft) high - half this in 10 years. The young leaves are eaten cooked; the plant is medicinal and can also be used for facade insulation. Tolerates part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			122P Celtis australis European Hackberry, Nettle tree. A tree from Southern Europe, reaching to 25 m (80 ft) high there. It produces edible fruits (1 cm, 0.4” across) and seeds. The leaves are medicinal and a yellow dye is obtained from the bark. The timber is hard and durable. Likes a sunny site; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (10 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	122S Centranthus ruber Jupiter’s beard, Red valerian. A compact and sprawling, fast-growing evergreen perennial to 90 cm (3 ft) high, bearing numerous fragrant flowers from spring to summer. The young leaves are edible raw or cooked (a broad bean flavour), and the roots are edible cooked. The plant is used medicinally and is liked by bees and butterflies. Makes a good ground cover. Any well drained soil in sun or light shade; hardy to -23ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		123 Cephalotaxus fortunei Chinese plum yew. A large evergreen shrub, growing 6m (20 ft) high with a bushy form. The large fruits are edible, being sweet with a hint of pine in the flavour; they are produced abundantly and regularly in Britain, even in shade. The plum yews thrive in shade (even dense shade) beneath other trees and are ideal understorey crops. The large oily seeds of this species may be edible. Dioecious, so both sexes of plant must be grown for fruit; growth 2m (7 ft) in 10 years. The leaves have long been used in China for their anti-cancer properties. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (10 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		124 Cephalotaxus harr.drup. Japanese plum yew. A small tree or bushy shrub, normally to 3-5m (10-16 ft) high. Evergreen. The large fruits are edible, sweet with a hint of pine in the flavour; they are produced abundantly and regularly in Britain, even in shade. The oil-rich seeds are also edible (best cooked). The plum yews thrive in shade (even dense shade) beneath other trees and are ideal understorey crops. Dioecious, so both sexes of plant must be grown for fruit; growth 1.2m (4 ft) in 10 years. The leaves have long been used in China for their anti-cancer properties. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (10 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
T			124D Ceratonia siliqua Carob. Small evergreen tree from the Middle East. A nitrogen-fixing legume, it produces the well known carob beans which are edible, as are the young pods. The seed pods are used medicinal and bees love the flowers. Tannin is sometimes extracted from the bark. Needs a hot sunny site; hardy to about -5°C. Stratification: SC Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			124F Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsura tree. Tree from Japan growing to 30 m (100 ft) there; grows 3.5 m (12 ft) in 10 years. The timber is highly valued for joinery, cabinet work, furniture etc. Likes a moist soil and part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (200 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
T			125 Cercis canadensis Redbud. A North American round-headed tree to 14m (45 ft) high, preferring a neutral or alkaline soil and part or full shade. A legume, however not now believed to fix nitrogen. The flowers are edible raw (nice in salads), the buds pickled or cooked, and the young pods cooked. Source of nectar & pollen for honey bees in April and May. Hardy to about -25°C. Stratification: SC+CS8 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		125B Cercis occidentalis California redbud, Western redbud. A large Californian shrub growing to 5 m (16 ft) high. A nitrogen-fixer. Its pods and seeds are edible cooked, the flowers can be eaten in salads, and bees love the flowers. Likes a sunny and well-drained site; hardy to -12ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (35 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		125T Chaenomeles cathayensis Chinese/ Cathay Quince. A shrub from central China, growing to a height of 2.5 m (8 ft). Any soil or position in sun or shade. Like others of this family, it bears aromatic fruits which are very large - 10-15 cm (4-6”) long - and can be eaten cooked (they make a good lemony jelly). The fruits are freely produced in Britain and ripen in warm summers. Also a bee plant. Hardy to about -20ºC. Stratification: CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		126 Chaenomeles japonica Japonica, Dwarf quince. A small shrub, reaching 1m (3 ft) high and across. Bright orange flowers are followed by yellow, fragrant, edible fruits 1½" (40 mm) across (best cooked), freely produced. Ground cover and bee plant. Hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		126B Chaenomeles speciosa Japanese quince. A vigorous, wide-spreading shrub with tangled spiny branches and glossy dark green leaves. Grows to 2.5 m (8 ft) high and twice that in spread. Crimson flowers in spring are followed by aromatic greenish-yellow fruits, to 6 cm (2½”) long, edible when cooked like those of C.japonica. Fruits freely in the UK. A good bee plant which can be used for hedging. Grow in any soil or situation, even deep shade, though fruiting will be best in sun. Hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS18 Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	126A Chamaemelum nobile Roman chamomile. Evergreen perennial from Europe, growing to 40 cm (16”) high. The plant is widely used medicinally - mostly the flowers, also the essential oil and herb. The flowers make a fine herb tea. The essential oil is used in perfumery. The plant is a good mineral accumulator. Likes a well drained sunny site, preferably neutral to alkaline soil; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (500 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	126F Chenopodium bonus-henricus Good king Henry. European perennial growing to 80 cm (32”) high. The leaves and young shoots make a good spinach when cooked. The plant is also used medicinally and as a ground cover. Gold and green dyes can be obtained from the plant. Likes a position in sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		126M Chimonanthus praecox Wintersweet. A large shrub from China growing to 4 m (13 ft) high. The flowers are edible - used for flavouring and to make a tea. They are also used medicinally and to make perfumes. Likes a well drained, sunny site; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: WS13+CS13 Packet (5 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			126P Cladrastis lutea Yellow wood. A small tree from Southeastern USA, growing to 10 m (33 ft) or more high. As well as being a nitrogen--fixing legume, a yellow dye is obtained from the wood (hence the name), bees love the flowers, and the timber is valued for cabinet work and gun stocks. Likes a well drained soil and sun or light shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: SC Packet (8 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	126T Claytonia sibirica (Montia sibirica) Siberian purslane. Not from Siberia, this North American short-lived perennial grows 20 cm high in a any moist soil in sun or part or full shade. The leaves are edible, raw (an excellent salad plant – beet flavour) or cooked, and the plant can be used for ground cover - it self-seeds freely. Hardy to -35ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		126C Clematis vitalba Traveller's Joy, Old man's beard. The familiar native woodland and hedge climber, which is a vigorous plant sometimes climbing over 10 m (32 ft) into trees. The young shoots are edible, and the leaves and shoots used medicinally. Stems are good for basketry. A good bee plant. Likes part or full shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS12 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		127 Clethra barbinervis A large Japanese shrub reaching 5m (16 ft) high, with edible leaves. Likes an acid soil and part or full shade - suitable as an understorey shrub. Hardy to about -18°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		127C Colutea arborescens Bladder senna. A medium or large deciduous shrub from the Mediterranean region, growing up to 5 m (16 ft) high; naturalised in Britain. A nitrogen-fixing legume. A good hedging and bee plant; the leaves have been used medicinally, and the wood is used for implements, small furniture items and makes good fuel. Likes full sun and a well-drained soil; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: SC Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	127H Cornus canadensis Creeping dogwood, Dwarf cornel. Unlike most Cornus, this is a creeping perennial woodland plant from North America. It only grows 20 cm (8") high but spreads rapidly once established, making an excellent ground cover in shady locations. It also bears edible red fruits. Likes a moist acid soil and a position in part or full shade; hardy to -45°C. Stratification: WS13+CS13 Packet (25 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		127J Cornus capitata Bentham’s cornel. A large bushy evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) high or more from the Himalayas. It bears large edible fruits, up to 25 mm (1”) across, which look like strawberries. Likes a sunny site; hardy to -15°C or so. Stratification: CS8 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		127N Cornus florida Flowering dogwood. A large shrub or small tree, reaching up to 10 m (32 ft) high, from North America; grows 40 cm per year. Has highly ornamental white flowers. The bark is used medicinally and the hard wood for hubs, bearings, handles etc. Likes an acid soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS14 Packet (9 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		128 Cornus kousa chinensis Chinese dogwood. A Chinese variety of C.kousa which flowers and fruits more readily, this makes a large shrub or small tree up to 7 m (23 ft) high, growing about 25 cm per year. Has richly-coloured foliage in the autumn. The fruits, about 20 mm in diameter, are edible with sweet, juicy, delicious pulp; young leaves are also edible. Prefers full sun but tolerates quite deep shade (where flowering is inhibited). Hardy to -20°C or so. Stratification: CS14 Packet (10 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			129 Cornus mas Cornelian cherry. A small tree/ large shrub from Central and Southern Europe, quite at home in Britain. The cherry-like fruits are edible (raw, cooked or dried) with a plum flavour when fully ripe; flowers are used as a flavouring and seeds have been used to make a coffee. Bark and fruits have been used medicinally, while the hard wood is used for skewers, javelins, spokes, gears etc. Also a bee plant. Tolerates deep shade, though fruits best in sun; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS23 Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			129B Cornus officinalis Japanese cornelian cherry. A small Japanese tree, closely related to C.mas, growing to 6 m (20 ft) high. It bears edible cherry-like fruits. The fruits and stem bark are used medicinally. Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS23 Packet (6 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		129D Coronilla emerus Scorpion senna. Rounded bushy shrub to 2 m (6 ft) high and wide, bears yellow flowers from spring to autumn, followed by slender pods. A good nitrogen-fixing legume, and the plant is used medicinally. Likes sun and a well-drained soil; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: SC Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	129G Crambe cordifolia Colewort. A perennial brassica growing to 200 cm (6 ft) high or more with very large dark green leaves. The young leaves are edible, usually as a cooked vegetable; the young flowering shoots are eaten, cooked like broccoli. Can be used as a ground cover plant. Grows in most soils in sun or part shade; hardy to -20ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (12 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		P	129H Crambe tatarica Tartar bread plant. Perennial from Europe and Asia growing to 1 m (3 ft) high, liking a sunny position. The leaves and stems are eaten like seakale (usually blanched), and the thick roots are used as a vegetable and are dried and ground into a flour. Bees love the flowers. Hardy to -20°C or more. Stratification: ND Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			129M Crataegus arnoldiana A small round-headed tree from North America growing to 6 m (20 ft) tall. It bears very nice sweet, tasty and juicy red fruits in early autumn. Grows in any reasonable soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -23ºC. Stratification: CS13 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130C Crataegus douglasii Black haw. A small tree from Western N.America, growing 10 m (32 ft) high. It bears edible, sweet, 12 mm (½") black fruits in abundance and is a bee plant. Any soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: WS13+CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130D Crataegus durobrivensis A rare small round-headed hybrid tree from North America growing to 6 m (20 ft) tall. It bears very nice sweet, tasty and juicy red fruits, 16 mm (0.7”) across, in early autumn. Grows in any reasonable soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -25ºC. Grafted plants. Stratification: CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130E Crataegus ellwangeriana A rare small round-headed tree from the Eastern USA, growing to 6 m (20 ft) tall. It bears very nice sweet, tasty and juicy red fruits, 20 mm (0.8”) across, in early autumn. Grows in any reasonable soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -25ºC. Grafted plants. Stratification: CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130H Crataegus mollis Red haw. Another small tree from North America, growing 10 m (32 ft) high or more. The red fruits are borne in large clusters; they are edible, 12-25 mm (½-1") across. The wood is used for turnery. Likes sun or part shade; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (16 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130L Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn, Quick, May. The familiar native small tree which is common in hedges and woodland edges. It grows to about 10 m (32 ft) high (6 m, 20 ft, in 10 years). The young leaves are edible - raw in salads or in teas, and the fruits are edible, usually used in preserves. The seeds can be made into a coffee. Several parts are used medicinally. Makes an excellent stockproof hedging plant, also a bee plant. The wood makes good fuel. Any soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: WS13+CS26 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130N Crataegus oxycantha Midland hawthorn. The other native Crataegus to Britain, this is similar to the hawthorn but is smaller (reaching 6 m, 20 ft) and has fewer thorns. Uses the same as C.monogyna. Hardy to about -20°C. Stratification: WS13+CS26 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130P Crataegus tanacetifolia Syrian haw. Rounded small thornless tree growing to 10 m (30 ft) high, often less. Fragrant white flowers in summer are followed by rounded, aromatic, orange-red edible fruits, up to 2.45 cm (1”) across, of good flavour. Stratification: CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130R Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey cypress. A large, fast growing evergreen tree from California. In the west of Britain it makes one of the best windbreak and shelterbelt trees, especially near the coast. A good nurse tree for other species. The durable timber is valued for construction, joinery etc. Likes a sunny site; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	130T Cynara cardunculus Cardoon. Tall perennial from the Mediterranean region growing to 2 m (7 ft) high. The blanched leaf stalks are cooked as a celery-like vegetable; also edible are the cooked roots, young leaves & stalks, and unopened flower buds (like artichokes). The dried flowers curdle milk. The leaves are also used medicinally and bees love the flowers. Likes a moist well drained soil and sun or light shade. Hardy to -10°C or so. Stratification: ND Packet (12 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	130W Cynara scolymus Globe artichoke. Tall perennial from Europe, growing 2 m (7 ft) high. Usually grown for the edible flower receptacles; also edible are the blanched leaves and stalks when cooked. The leaves are used medicinally and bees love the flowers. Likes a moist well-drained soil and sun; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: ND Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		131 Cytisus scoparius Broom. An evergreen native shrub, growing 3 m (10 ft) high within a few years. A nitrogen-fixing legume, vigorous and healthy, which needs a sunny position and a well-drained soil. The seeds can be used to make a coffee, while the flower buds may be pickled (use with care - may be toxic to some people). A very wind-hardy hedging plant; several dyes are obtained from the plant, which provides food for bees and butterflies. Hardy to about -20°C. Stratification: SC Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		131A Daphne mezereon Mezereon. A European shrub growing to 1.8 m (6 ft) high. The bark, fruits and roots are all used medicinally (NB: poisonous!) and also provide yellow and green-brown dyes; bees love the flowers in late winter/early spring. Likes a part shady site; hardy to -30°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (12 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			132 Diospyros lotus Date plum. A medium-sized tree from E.Asia, bearing yellow or purple edible fruits the size of small tomatoes; these have an excellent rich flavour when fully ripe (may require bletting or allowed to be frosted to remove astringency) - bears readily in S.England. Likes a moist site in sun or part shade; dioecious; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (10 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
T			133 Diospyros virginiana American persimmon. A wide-spreading tree growing to 18 m (60 ft) high. Bears excellent edible sweet fruits which hang on the tree well into winter; readily bears in Britain; fruits have an excellent rich flavour when fully ripe (may require bletting or allowed to be frosted to remove astringency). The seeds can be used for coffee, and leaves are used to make a tea similar to sassafras tea. A good bee plant with hard wood. Likes a position in sun or part shade; dioecious and hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		135 Drimys winterii Winter's bark. A large evergreen shrub from South America whose aromatic, pungent bark is used as a spice (a pepper substitute). Likes a moist acid soil and a part shady site. Hardy to -12°C, needs the protection of a wall outside of the SW.