Seed data & online order form

We pride ourselves in supplying seeds which are fresh, viable, and should germinate well, given the right pre-treatment. Many are harvested by us from our own plants. All our seeds are stored in cold, dry conditions to make sure their chances of germination are maximised; none have been treated with fungicides or other chemicals.

We can send seeds anywhere as long as there are no import restrictions and that no phytosanitory certificate is needed – please make sure you are allowed to import the seeds you are ordering (NB since Jan 2002 the USA and Canada have required a phyto certificate, so we can no longer supply there). Please note that Australia has strict quarantine requirements (see www.aqis.gov.au for details).

Postage is £1.50 for UK orders, £2.00 for EC orders, £2.50 for overseas orders..

Many species are dioecious in nature, meaning that male and female flowers occur on different plants, and fruits form only on female plants. Growing these species from seed is an ideal way of ensuring that a mixture of male and female plants is obtained; if possible, grow on at least 4 or 5 plants to give yourself a good chance of having at least one male. Excess male plants can always be weeded out once it becomes clear what sex the plants are.

Details given for seeds in the tables below have an order code (eg. ‘091D’), price, seed count, and a code for the recommended seed treatment prior to sowing.

Stratification of seeds involves mixing the seed with a moist medium and keeping warm and/or cold for a certain time before sowing. We recommend mixing seeds with moist (not wet) silver sand, using 4 parts or more sand to one of seeds; the mix should be placed in a plastic bag which can be sealed and re-opened. Label the bag well! Warm stratification means keeping the seed/sand mix at about room temperature, 60-70°F or 15-21°C; cold means keeping the mix at about 40°F (5°C) - a domestic fridge is ideal for small quantities. When cold stratifying over winter, seed/sand mixes can be placed outside in a rodent/bird-proof container (eg. a plastic dustbin). Whenever stratifying seed, check every week or two to see if germination is starting. When it does you will see white roots start to emerge from seeds, and if this happens then the seeds should be sown immediately. If this isn't possible, keep the mix at a temperature just above freezing until you can sow.

Scarification of seeds involves softening the hard seed coat in some way to allow water to be imbibed into the seed. The simplest way of achieving this is to give the seeds a hot water soak, putting them into water at about 190°F (88°C) and allowing them to stand for several hours while the water cools. Alternatively, the seeds can be physically rubbed, eg. between two sheets of fine sandpaper - take care not to rub too much.

Dewaxing – some seeds are covered in a layer of wax (notably Myrica species) which stops the seeds imbibing water and germinating. This must be removed before stratification or sowing – the best way to do this is to rub the seeds between two sheets of coarse sandpaper (do it for periods of a few seconds at a time, then check the seeds – you only want to get rid of the wax and not damage the seeds!)

Seeds which take a long time to germinate are best sown in seed trays or pots, and covered with sand rather than compost. Very small seeds should be sown on the surface of the compost and the tray/pot kept moist by enclosing it in a plastic bag. Finally, don't give up if seeds don't germinate, or only a few germinate, in the first year - many seeds spread out their germination over more than one year. If the seeds are large enough, you can check their viability by cutting one in half - the seed embryo inside should be white and solid, and not soft or watery.

After the description of each species, codes are given for the recommended treatment to promote good germination. (Note that using these treatments does not guarantee germination. Seed lots vary in their requirements and these are a general guide only.) The codes used are:

ND    Not dormant, sow in spring.
SI      Not dormant, but must be sown immediately.
SC    Scarify and sow in spring.
CS    Cold stratify. Followed by a number of weeks, eg CS 13 = cold stratify 13 weeks (3 months).
WS   Warm stratify. Followed by a number of weeks, eg WS 6 = warm stratify 6 weeks.

Warm stratification can sometimes be followed by cold stratification, eg. WS 13 + CS 13 means 13 weeks warm first then 13 weeks cold stratification.

Assuming an intended sowing date of April 1st, then 4 weeks of stratification should start on 4th March, 6 weeks on 17th February, 8 weeks on 3rd February, 13 weeks on 1st January, 16 weeks on 10th December, 20 weeks on 12th November, 26 weeks on 1st October, etc.

Seeds are listed in Latin name order - you can use the shortcuts on the left to jump to a particular letter. To the left of each species description are three columns for trees, shrubs and perennials; with a 'T' in the tree column, or an 'S' in the shrub column or a 'P' in the perennials column. Thus to concentrate on just trees, you can scroll down the list, picking out those with a 'T' in the first column, etc.

	S		091D # (Syn. Feijoa sellowiana) Pineapple guava. Bushy evergreen shrub with grey-green leaves growing to 2 m (6 ft) high or more. Large flowers are white and purple in midsummer, and are followed by reddish-green edible fruits 5 cm (2”) long in hot summers. The fruits are delicious, being aromatic, with a pineapple-strawberry flavour. The flowers are also edible raw, being sweet crisp and delicious. Can be used for hedging in mild maritime areas - hardy to -12°C. Likes sun and a well-drained soil; good on walls in cooler climes. Stratification: ND Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			089 Abies amabilis Pacific fir. A large evergreen tree from Western N.America, growing 6 m (20 ft) in 10 years. Has beautiful silvery-white bark when young and very resinous winter buds. The young shoot tips can be used to make a fragrant tea. The timber is valued for construction, joinery etc. Likes a moist acid soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (15 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			090 Abies balsamea Balsam fir. A medium or large evergreen tree from the Northern parts of N.America. Has very resinous winter buds. Grows 4 m (13 ft) in 10 years. The shoot tips are used to make a tea, and a sweet gummy exudation from the trunk is edible. Resin from the buds is used medicinally and in scientific laboratories. Timber is valued for construction etc. Likes an acid site in sun or part shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (23 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			091 Abies grandis Grand fir. A very large, fast-growing evergreen tree from Western N.America, growing 5 m (16 ft) in 10 years. The fragrant young shoots are used to make a tea. The timber is valued for construction, joinery etc., and the young tops used as Xmas trees. Tolerates deep shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			091A Abies nobilis Noble fir. Large evergreen tree growing 50m (160 ft) high from the Western USA. Tops of young trees used as Xmas trees; timber valuable for construction etc. Likes an acid soil and tolerates deep shade when young. Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (15 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		091B Acanthopanax senticosus Siberian ginseng. (Syn. Eleutherococcus s.) A large shrub from Siberia growing to 7 m (23 ft) high. Fruits are juicy and edible, the size of peas. The roots are used as a ginseng substitute - widely in Asia. Likes sun and a well drained site. Hardy to about -25°C Stratification: CS26+WS13 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	091C Acanthus mollis Bear’s breeches. A perennial deep-rooted plant from Europe, growing 1.2 m (4 ft) high and 0.6 m (2 ft) across; likes a well-drained soil and sun or part shade. It makes a good ground cover, spreading by suckers. The leaves are used medicinally. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: ND Packet (5 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			095 Acer negundo Box elder. A fast-growing, bushy-headed large North American tree, growing 5 m (16 ft) in 10 years. A source of edible sap and a good bee plant; the timber is used for joinery, cooperage etc. Likes sun or part shade; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: CS20 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			098 Acer rubrum Red maple. A North American large tree, whose foliage turns rich red and scarlet in autumn. A good producer of edible sap; also a bee plant and the source of a blue dye from its bark. Timber is used for furniture etc. Likes a moist, slightly acid soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			099 Acer saccharum Sugar maple. The famous large tree from Eastern N.America, the sap of which is the source of commercial maple syrup. The foliage colours richly in the autumn. The dewinged seeds are edible if cooked and the tree is a bee plant. The timber is valued for joinery etc. Likes a moist, slightly acid soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (12 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	099D Achillea millefolium Yarrow. Mat-forming perennial, spreading via rhizomes. Edible leaves, medicinal, bee plant, ground cover, accumulator. Likes sun and a well drained site; hardy to –40 °C Stratification: ND Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		100 Actinidia arguta Hardy Kiwi. A vigorous climbing shrub from Japan, growing to 6m (20 ft) high or more within 10 years. Very good against a wall - leafs out quite early in spring and young plants may require protection against late frosts. Flowers well in the South and West of Britain and bears excellent edible sweet fruits 25 mm (1") across. Likes full sun and a well-drained, moist soil. Dioecious; very hardy, to -25°C or more. NB Protect from cats who love to eat the plant! Stratification: CS13 Packet (40 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		100C Actinidia chinensis Smooth kiwi. Not to be confused with the better known and hairy skinned A.deliciosa, this is a smooth skinned climber with large smooth-skinned fruits of excellent flavour. The sap from stems can be used as a glue and the plant for facade insulation. Dioecious; hardy, to -15°C. NB Protect from cats who love to eat the plant! Stratification: CS4 Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101B Agastache foeniculum Anise hyssop. A perennial growing to 90 cm (3 ft) high, which likes a sunny position and a well-drained soil. The leaves and flowers are edible raw, with an excellent sweet aniseed flavour. The plant can also be used medicinally and is liked by bees. Hardy to -10ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101D Agastache rugosa Korean mint. Perennial growing to 60 cm (2 ft) high or more, with spikes of blue flowers much loved by bees. The leaves are anise-flavoured and used as a flavouring and for teas; also medicinally in Chinese medicine. Likes a well-drained soil and sun; hardy to -10ºC or so. Stratification: ND Packet (150 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		101F Akebia quinata Chocolate vine. A climber form China and Japan, growing up to 10 m (32 ft) high; semi-evergreen with fragrant flowers. The seed pods it produces in good summers contain a delicious chocolate-like edible pulp, while the young shoots are edible raw or pickled. Leaves are used to make a tea. Stems are sometimes used for basketry. Prefers a sunny site; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (8 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		101H Akebia trifoliata Three leaf akebia. Another climber from Japan and China, growing up to 6 m (20 ft) high. The sweet pulp from the seeds pods is edible, and the leaves are used in teas. Stems are sometimes used for basketry. Prefers a sunny site; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (8 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101G Alchemilla mollis Lady’s mantle. Perennial from Northern Europe growing to 50 cm (20”) high. The leaves, stems and roots are all well known medicinal parts, and the plant makes a good ground cover in shade – tolerates deep shade. Stratification: CS4 Packet (100 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		B	101J Alliaria petiolata Garlic mustard. Native European hedgerow plant growing to 1.2 m (4 ft) high. The leaves are edible with a garlic/mustard flavour (gets hotter over the season). Also edible are the seeds and roots as a condiment. Good wildlife and bee plant. Sun or part shade. Stratification: ND Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
			101K Allium babingtonii Stratification: Packet (5 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101N Allium carinatum pulchellum Keeled garlic. Bulbous, clump-forming perennial to 60 cm (2 ft) high, virtually evergreen, with rich purple flower in summer. Does not produce bulbils. Edible leaves & flowers – garlic flavour. Likes sun and a well-drained site; hardy to -15°C Stratification: ND Packet (35 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101L Allium moly Golden garlic. Perennial from Southern Europe growing to 30 cm (1 ft) high which likes sun or light shade. It has edible leaves, flowers and bulbs, all with a mild garlic flavour. Bees like the flowers. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: WS4+CS4 Packet (14 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101M Allium neapolitanum Daffodil garlic. A perennial from Europe which produces edible, garlic-flavoured bulbs, young leaves (excellent in salads) and flowers (good in salads). Leaves are retained in most winters and can be used in winter salads; top dies down in midsummer until autumn. Prefers sun, though it is one of the few Alliums to tolerate deep shade in a well-drained location. Hardy to -12°C. Stratification: ND Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101P Allium schoenoprasum Chives. Well known perennial from Europe, growing to 60 cm (2 ft) high when it flowers. Usually grown for the edible leaves, excellent raw in salads or cooked. The flowers can also be eaten, and bees love the flowers. Likes sun or light shade. Hardy to -23°C. Stratification: ND Packet (120 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101R Allium senescens Ballhead onion. Vigorous bulbous perennial to 60 cm (2 ft) high with purplish-pink flowers in summer. Edible bulbs, leaves, young shoots. Likes sun and a well-drained site; hardy to -20°C Stratification: ND Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101S Allium sphaerocephalum Round headed garlic. Bulbous perennial to 90 cm (3 ft) highwith pinkish-red flowers in summer. Sometimes produces bulbils. Edible bulbs, leaves. Likes sun and a well-drained site; hardy to -20°C Stratification: ND Packet (60 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	101Q Allium tuberosum Garlic chives, Chinese chives. Chinese perennial growing to 50 cm (20”) high which needs a sunny site. Well known for its edible leaves with a garlic flavour; also edible are the bulbs, seeds and flowers. Also used medicinally. Bees like the flowers. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: ND Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	102 Allium ursinum Ramsons, wild garlic. A perennial woodland plant forming dense carpets of garlic-flavoured foliage from early spring until midsummer. Excellent as a garlic-substitute; flowers and bulbs are edible as well as the leaves - all being garlic flavoured. Has similar medicinal properties to garlic, and a good bee plant. Hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS13-17 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			103 Alnus cordata Italian Alder. A medium sized tree from Italy, fast growing and very wind-hardy. Tolerates much drier conditions than most alders and one of the best temperate Nitrogen-fixing species for drier areas. Excellent in windbreaks, growing 50-100 cm per year. A source of pollen for bees in March. The sap is edible (tapped and processed), while the timber is used for furniture, charcoal and gunpowder, clogs, water pumps, turnery etc. Give full sun or part shade. Hardy to -20°C and excellent in Britain. Stratification: CS8 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			104 Alnus glutinosa Common or European alder. The native British alder, a fast-growing large tree eventually reaching 25m (80 ft+). One of the best nitrogen-fixing species to use in damp or wet areas with good light. Excellent in hedges and windbreaks, with growth of 1m (3 ft) per year common for the first 10 years. Good source of pollen for honey and bumble bees in February and March. Several dyes are obtained from parts of the plant and the bark was used for tanning. The timber is traditionally used for charcoal and gunpowder, pumps and sluices, clogs and carving; furniture and plywood. Hardy to -30°C or more. Stratification: CS8 Packet (350 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			104C Alnus incana Grey alder. A fast-growing European large tree, growing 6 m (20 ft) in 10 years. Nitrogen-fixing like other alders. It is a good early bee plant and the leaves and bark are used medicinally. The wood is used for clogs, turnery, carving etc. Likes a moist site in sun or part shade; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			104F Alnus rubra Red alder. Another nitrogen-fixing, large, fast-growing tree which makes an excellent windbreak. The sap, buds and inner bark have all been eaten, the bark used for dyeing red, and the timber is used for furniture, turnery, clogs, canoes and to smoke fish. Likes a reasonably moist soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (250 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			104H Alnus sinuata Sitka alder. One of the smaller alders, a small tree from Western N.America. Like all alders, it fixes nitrogen and makes some of it available to other plants. Makes a good hedging plant. Likes a moist site in sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C or more. Stratification: CS8 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		105 Alnus viridis Green alder. One of the smaller alders, this is a medium shrub from central Europe reaching 2.5 m (8 ft) high and in spread. Like other alders, it is an excellent nitrogen-fixer, and is a good candidate for underplanting where there is partial shade. It is also very wind-hardy and suitable for hedges and windbreaks. A red dye has been obtained from the inner bark. Likes a moist or wet soil in sun or part shade. Hardy to about -25°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (90 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		106 Amelanchier alnifolia Saskatoon, Regent serviceberry. One of the best North American Amelanchiers for fruit, the saskatoon is a large shrub reaching 5m (16 ft) with rounded leaves and tasty, sweet blue-black fruit about ½" (12 mm) across produced abundantly. Good in windbreaks and hedges, and sometimes used for erosion control. Source of pollen for bees in April. Likes a moist, sunny site but tolerates some shade. Growth 3m (10 ft) in 10 years; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: WS4+CS16 Packet (50 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		106C Amelanchier canadensis Serviceberry. A large shrub or small tree from Eastern North America growing to 8 m (27 ft) high. White flowers in spring are followed by edible sweet bluish fruits. Good in hedges, bees like the flowers, and the wood is sometimes used for handles and fishing rods. Prefers a moist sunny site; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS20 Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		107 Amelanchier lamarckii Apple serviceberry. A large Canadian shrub, reaching a maximum 10 m (32 ft) high; grows about 60 cm (2 ft) per year. Like most other 'Juneberries', it bears good crops of sweet, tasty, succulent, apple-flavoured fruits around June. Also good in hedges. Likes sun or part shade. Hardy to -25°C. Stratification: WS4+CS16 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		107C Amorpha fruticosa False indigo. A medium Sized North American shrub, growing to 3-4 m (10-13 ft) high. It is a nitrogen-fixing legume. The crushed seeds have been used as a condiment (though they may not be wholesome); resinous pustules on the plant contain an insecticidal compound effective against aphids and cattle flies. The plant contains small amounts of indigo pigment and can be used to make a blue dye. A good wildlife plant. Needs a well-drained soil and sun or light shade; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: CS2 Packet (150 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		B	107E Angelica archangelica Angelica. a large biennial from slightly shady places in Europe, growing to 2 m (7 ft) high. Stems are edible, often candied. All parts are used medicinally, the essential oil is used in perfumery and as a food flavouring. Likes a moist slightly acid soil with some shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: WS4+CS4 Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	107F Anthriscus sylvestris Cow parsley, wood chervil. Well-known hedgerow perennial, which is closely related to chervil. Leaves are used as a herb – chervil flavour. Likes sun or part shade; hardy to -15°C Stratification: ND Packet (60 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	107H Aquilegia vulgaris Columbine. A short-lived European perennial growing to 1.1 m (4 ft) high. The flowers are edible - sweet, rich in nectar. The flowers, leaves and stems are all medicinal, the seeds are insecticidal. Likes a moist soil and part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		107M Aralia chinensis Chinese angelica tree. A large shrub from Northeastern Asia, growing to 5 m (16 ft) high. The young shoots are edible (cooked) with an angelica flavour. The stem and roots are used medicinally. Bees also like the plant. Likes a partly shaded site; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (400 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		108 Aralia elata Japanese angelica tree. A large prickly Japanese shrub, reaching 10 m (32 ft) high or more, growing about 40 cm per year. The young cooked shoots are edible, with an Angelica flavour. A source of nectar for bees in summer, while all parts have been used medicinally. Likes a position in part shade. Hardy to -30°C or so. Stratification: CS13 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			110 Arbutus unedo Strawberry tree. A small bushy evergreen tree from southern Europe, reaching 10m (32 ft) high. Produces abundant red strawberry-like fruits 20 mm across with a delicate flavour. Good in hedges; good source of late nectar and pollen for bees in October-December. The bark and leaves have been used both for tanning and medicinally. Growth 2.5m (8 ft) in 10 years; hardy to about -15°C. Stratification: ND Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		110F Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry, Kinnikinnick. A prostrate, spreading evergreen shrub from Northern temperate regions; grows 30 cm (1 ft) high. The pea-sized fruits are edible, while the leaves are used medicinally, in teas, for tanning and dyeing. Good ground cover and bee plant. Likes an acid soil and a position in sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: SC Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	111C Artemisia dracunculus Tarragon. Perennial plant from southern Russia, source of the familiar herb. As well as the edible leaves, the essential oil is used as a flavouring and the leaves are used medicinally. Likes a dry sunny site; hardy to -15°C. Watch out for slug predation. Stratification: ND Packet (300 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	111F Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort. European perennial, growing to 2.5 m (8 ft) high when in flower. The leaves can be eaten raw and used as a flavouring; but mainly used for the medicinal leaves and shoots. The essential oil is used in perfumery. Likes a moist but well drained sunny site; hardy to -30°C. Stratification: ND Packet (500 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	111G Asclepias incarnata Swamp milkweed. Perennial growing to 1 m (3 ft) high with pinkish-purple flowers from summer to autumn. All the milkweeds have edible young shoots (cooked like asparagus) and flowers buds (with a pea flavour). A fibre is produced from the stems, and the seed floss is water-repellent and formerly used in life jackets. The stems produce a latex in small amounts which makes a high quality rubber. Prefers a moist soil and sun; protect young plants from slugs. Hardy to -35ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		P	111J Asclepias speciosa Showy milkweed. A vigorous perennial growing 75 cm (2½ ft) high, spreading, with woolly leaves and purple-pink flowers in summer. See A.incarnata details for uses. Likes a moist soil and sun; protect young plants from slugs. Hardy to -40ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (10 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	111H Asclepias syriaca Common milkweed. A perennial growing 1 m (3 ft) high or more and spreading freely, with purple and pink flowers in summer. See A.incarnata details for uses. Likes a well drained soil and sun; protect young plants from slugs. Hardy to -35ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	111L Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly weed, Pleurisy root. A tuberous perennial growing 75 cm (2½ ft) high with yellowish-orange flowers in summer. See A.incarnata details for uses; this species has flowers very rich in nectar (which can crystallise and hang in lumps) which makes a sweet summer snack. A long-used medicinal plant. Likes a well-drained soil and sun; protect young plants from slugs. Hardy to -35ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		112 Asimina triloba Pawpaw. A large North American shrub reaching up to 12 m (40 ft) high with large bottle-shaped fruits of fine flavour. Needs a moist, sunny position in Britain, where fruits are produced in good summers. The bark and leaves are pesticidal and medicinal, while the stringy inner bark has been used for fishing lines. Grows 4 m (13 ft) high in 10 years; hardy to around -20°C. Seeds and plants are from improved fruiting cultivars. Stratification: CS13 Packet (5 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		P	112A Asperula odorata Sweet woodruff. European perennial growing to 50 cm (20”) high. Flowers are edible in salads and the leaves as a flavouring. The leaves and stems are used medicinally, the plant can be used as a ground cover and bees like the flowers. Dyes are obtained from all parts. Likes a moist shady site; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	112C Astragalus glycyphyllos Milk vetch. A perennial legume from Europe, growing 60 cm (2 ft) high. Likes a well-drained soil and a sunny position. The foliage is palatable to stock and used for fodder; the leaves have been used to make a tea. Nitrogen-fixer, hardy to -20°C or more. Stratification: SC Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		114 Atriplex halimus Tree purslane, Mediterranean salt bush. An evergreen shrub with silvery-grey leaves, to 2m (7 ft) high but often smaller. The leaves and shoots are excellent lightly cooked, and the seed is also edible. Good in maritime hedges, and used to stabilise sand dunes. Needs a sunny site and not too acid a soil; hardy to -10°C. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		114C Berberis aggregata Salmon barberry. A medium sized deciduous shrub from W.China, densely-branched and reaching 2.5 m (8 ft) high. Light yellow flowers are followed by masses of cinnamon red edible fruits (fairly acid, lemony flavour - a lemon substitute). Good in hedges. Likes sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS20 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		116C Berberis buxifolia Magellan barberry. An evergreen shrub from Southern Chile growing to 3 m (10 ft) high. The large black fruits are eaten cooked or used in preserves. Also used as a hedging plant. Likes a partly shaded site; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS20 Packet (25 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		117 Berberis darwinii Darwin's barberry. An evergreen shrub to 3m (10 ft) high, thriving in the British climate and producing an abundance of edible fruits in early summer. Likes a part shady site, and tolerates quite deep shade; good in hedges. Very good as an understorey crop. The bark and roots yield a yellow dye; the plant is a source of nectar and pollen for honey and bumble bees in April and May. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS17 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		118 Berberis lycium Indian barberry. A semi-evergreen barberry from the Himalayas, making a shrub to 3m (10 ft) high. Good sized (10 mm) edible juicy purple fruits with a good acid flavour; the cooked leaves and shoots are also reported as edible. Leaves are used to make a tea. Good in hedges; likes a part shady site. Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		119 Berberis vulgaris Barberry, Pipperidge. The native British barberry, a deciduous shrub to 3m (10 ft) high bearing lots of clusters of bright red, egg-shaped edible fruits (very acid, lemony, used as a lemon substitute, to make a drink or for preserves). The flowers, leaves and shoot tips have also been eaten. Likes a sunny or part-shady site; very good in hedges. Source of nectar and pollen for honey and bumble bees in May. Several parts of the plant have been used for dyeing and medicinally. Hardy to -35°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		119C Berberis wilsonii Wilson's barberry. A dense spiny shrub to 1 m (3 ft) high from W.China. Light yellow flowers are followed by edible fruits (acid and lemony - good lemon substitute). A good bee plant, supplying nectar and pollen to honey and bumble bees in summer. A useful ground cover plant. Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			119H Betula lenta Sweet birch. Large tree from Eastern North America, growing to 25 m (80 ft) high there. The sap is edible when tapped; also eaten are the leaves, young shoots (made into a tea) and bark. A medicinal oil (wintergreen) is distilled from the bark which is itself used medicinally. The bark has been used for roofing and waterproofing canoes; and the timber is valued for construction etc. Likes a sunny well-drained site; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (500 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			120 Betula papyrifera Paper birch, Canoe birch. This is the tree many of the north American Indians used the water-resistant bark of to line their canoes and make waterproof wrappings, torches, baskets, paper and roof linings. A large tree to 30m (100 ft) high with white papery bark, very hardy, with edible young leaves, shoots and catkins; the sap is edible and used to make syrup (like maple syrup), wine and vinegar. The timber is used for shoe lasts, veneers and plywood. Growth is 6m (20 ft) in 10 years. Extremely hardy. Stratification: CS4 Packet (350 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			120C Betula pendula Silver birch. A medium or large tree from Europe and Asia, with distinctive white bark and weeping branches. Fast growing, about 80 cm (2½ ft) per year, reaching 20 m (70 ft) high at maximum. Likes dryish soils on the acid side, and tolerates part shade; extremely hardy, to about -40°C. The wood is used for fuel, furniture, utensils, turnery, wooden nails, cooperage, flooring, handles, clothes pegs etc. Edible parts include the leaves, sap (tapped in the same way as maples), and inner bark; these parts have also been used medicinally. The branches make good besoms. The tree acts as a green manure tree by shedding nutrient-rich leaves which enrich the surrounding soil. Stratification: CS4 Packet (400 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			120F Betula pubescens Downy Birch. Native to Europe and northern Asia, the downy birch is often mistaken for the common silver birch: it also has white bark and differs by being less weeping and by having smooth downy shoots. A fast growing tree reaching 25m (80 ft+), and growing to 8m (25 ft) ten years after planting. Likes damper locations than the silver birch, soils on the acid side, and tolerates part shade; extremely hardy, to -35 or -45°C. Like the silver birch, the plant has numerous uses: the wood is used for fuel, furniture, utensils, turnery, wooden nails, cooperage, flooring, handles, clothes pegs etc. Edible parts include the leaves, sap (tapped in the same way as maples), and inner bark; these parts have also been used medicinally. The branches make good besoms. The tree acts as a green manure tree by shedding nutrient-rich leaves which enrich the surrounding soil. Stratification: CS4 Packet (500 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			120B Broussonetia papyrifera Paper mulberry. A rounded small tree or large shrub, growing to 8 m (25 ft) high, with large grey-green leaves. Small flowers are followed by mulberry-like, sweet edible orange-red fruits in autumn (on female trees - dioecious). The roots, leaves, bark and fruits are all used medicinally. Cultivated in Asia for the fibre made from its bark: can be beaten flat to make a cloth. Likes a sunny and sheltered site - hardy to -10°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			120N Buxus sempervirens Box. Small bushy evergreen tree with glossy dark green leaves. Has valuable very hard timber and medicinal leaves. Likes part shade and a fertile, well-drained soil; hardy to -20°C Stratification: CS26 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	120T Calamintha nepeta Calamint savory, Lesser calamint. A wide spreading perennial growing to 60 cm (2 ft) high, with stems rooting as they go, with white-lilac flowers in profusion from spring to summer. The leaves are used as a flavouring and for teas, also medicinally; bees love the flowers. Makes a very good ground cover plant. Likes any reasonable soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -20ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		A	120G Calendula officinalis Marigold. The familiar self-seeding annual grows 40-60 cm high with masses of bright yellow flowers liked by bees and hoverflies. The aromatic leaves and flower petals are edible in salads and used medicinally; the flowers dye yellow. The oil from the seeds is now used industrially. A very good companion plant, for example with potatoes; once sown it will self-seed forever. Likes a position in sun or part shade. Stratification: ND Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		120H Calluna vulgaris Ling, Heather. A familiar moorland plant from Europe, making a dwarf evergreen shrub up to 1 m (3 ft) high. The flower heads and young shoots are used to make a tea and beer. Flowers are used medicinally, bees love the flowers and the plant makes a good ground cover. Needs A well-drained, acid soil and full sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS20 Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		121 Calycanthus floridus Carolina allspice, Spicebush. A dense bushy shrub to 3m (10 ft) high, with aromatic leaves and bark usable as a spice or flavouring, with a cinnamon flavour. Likes a moist, sunny spot. Hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (8 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	120X Camassia quamash Quamash. North American bulbous perennial growing to 80 cm (32”) high. The bulbs are edible, usually cooked, with a chestnut flavour. Likes a sunny or part shady site which is moist and well drained; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	121A Campanula lactiflora Milky bellflower. A large perennial, growing up to 1.5 m (5 ft) high, self-seeds readily. The leaves are edible, being mild-flavoured and fine for salads. Bees love the summer flowers for their nectar and pollen. Likes sun or part shade, hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	121B Campanula latifolia Giant bellflower. A native harebell, a perennial growing 1.2 m (4 ft) high, which self-seeds readily and makes a good ground cover. Leaves, young shoots and flowers are edible, good in salads. Bee plant. Likes part or full shade, hardy to -35°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	121H Campanula rapunculoides Creeping bellflower. A perennial from North America, growing up to 1.2 m (4 ft) high, which self-seeds rampantly and makes a good ground cover. As well as having pleasant edible leaves, this species also has a nice edible root (raw or cooked), and dyes have been obtained from the aerial parts. Likes sun or part shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: ND Packet (1000 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	121L Campanula rapunculus Rampion. European biennial growing to 1 m (3 ft) high. Formerly grown for its edible roots (raw or cooked – sweet); also has edible young leaves and shoots. Bees like the flowers. Prefers a moist or wet acid soil and sun or part shade. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			122F Cedrus atlantica Atlas cedar. A large stately evergreen tree from North Africa, growing to 30 m (100 ft) or more there. Most valued for the essential oil distilled from the wood which is used medicinally and in perfumery and toiletries; the timber is also valued for construction etc. Likes a dry sunny site; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (14 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		122M Celastrus orbiculatus Bittersweet. A vigorous climber from Northeastern Asia, growing to 12 m (40 ft) high - half this in 10 years. The young leaves are eaten cooked; the plant is medicinal and can also be used for facade insulation. Tolerates part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			122P Celtis australis European Hackberry, Nettle tree. A tree from Southern Europe, reaching to 25 m (80 ft) high there. It produces edible fruits (1 cm, 0.4” across) and seeds. The leaves are medicinal and a yellow dye is obtained from the bark. The timber is hard and durable. Likes a sunny site; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (10 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		123 Cephalotaxus fortunei Chinese plum yew. A large evergreen shrub, growing 6m (20 ft) high with a bushy form. The large fruits are edible, being sweet with a hint of pine in the flavour; they are produced abundantly and regularly in Britain, even in shade. The plum yews thrive in shade (even dense shade) beneath other trees and are ideal understorey crops. The large oily seeds of this species may be edible. Dioecious, so both sexes of plant must be grown for fruit; growth 2m (7 ft) in 10 years. The leaves have long been used in China for their anti-cancer properties. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (10 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		124 Cephalotaxus harr.drup. Japanese plum yew. A small tree or bushy shrub, normally to 3-5m (10-16 ft) high. Evergreen. The large fruits are edible, sweet with a hint of pine in the flavour; they are produced abundantly and regularly in Britain, even in shade. The oil-rich seeds are also edible (best cooked). The plum yews thrive in shade (even dense shade) beneath other trees and are ideal understorey crops. Dioecious, so both sexes of plant must be grown for fruit; growth 1.2m (4 ft) in 10 years. The leaves have long been used in China for their anti-cancer properties. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (10 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
T			124D Ceratonia siliqua Carob. Small evergreen tree from the Middle East. A nitrogen-fixing legume, it produces the well known carob beans which are edible, as are the young pods. The seed pods are used medicinal and bees love the flowers. Tannin is sometimes extracted from the bark. Needs a hot sunny site; hardy to about -5°C. Stratification: SC Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			124F Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsura tree. Tree from Japan growing to 30 m (100 ft) there; grows 3.5 m (12 ft) in 10 years. The timber is highly valued for joinery, cabinet work, furniture etc. Likes a moist soil and part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (200 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
T			125 Cercis canadensis Redbud. A North American round-headed tree to 14m (45 ft) high, preferring a neutral or alkaline soil and part or full shade. A legume, however not now believed to fix nitrogen. The flowers are edible raw (nice in salads), the buds pickled or cooked, and the young pods cooked. Source of nectar & pollen for honey bees in April and May. Hardy to about -25°C. Stratification: SC+CS8 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		125B Cercis occidentalis California redbud, Western redbud. A large Californian shrub growing to 5 m (16 ft) high. A nitrogen-fixer. Its pods and seeds are edible cooked, the flowers can be eaten in salads, and bees love the flowers. Likes a sunny and well-drained site; hardy to -12ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (35 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			125C Cercis siliquastrum Judas tree. A small, ornamental tree reaching 6m (20 ft) high, needing a well drained soil and sunny location. Lilac flowers cover the branches in May, followed by conspicuous purple-tinted seed pods in summer. The flowers are edible raw in salads, the flower buds may be pickled like capers, and the seed pods have also been eaten. Nectar and pollen source for bees in spring. Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: SC+CS8 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		125T Chaenomeles cathayensis Chinese/ Cathay Quince. A shrub from central China, growing to a height of 2.5 m (8 ft). Any soil or position in sun or shade. Like others of this family, it bears aromatic fruits which are very large - 10-15 cm (4-6”) long - and can be eaten cooked (they make a good lemony jelly). The fruits are freely produced in Britain and ripen in warm summers. Also a bee plant. Hardy to about -20ºC. Stratification: CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		126 Chaenomeles japonica Japonica, Dwarf quince. A small shrub, reaching 1m (3 ft) high and across. Bright orange flowers are followed by yellow, fragrant, edible fruits 1½" (40 mm) across (best cooked), freely produced. Ground cover and bee plant. Hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	126A Chamaemelum nobile Roman chamomile. Evergreen perennial from Europe, growing to 40 cm (16”) high. The plant is widely used medicinally - mostly the flowers, also the essential oil and herb. The flowers make a fine herb tea. The essential oil is used in perfumery. The plant is a good mineral accumulator. Likes a well drained sunny site, preferably neutral to alkaline soil; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (500 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		126M Chimonanthus praecox Wintersweet. A large shrub from China growing to 4 m (13 ft) high. The flowers are edible - used for flavouring and to make a tea. They are also used medicinally and to make perfumes. Likes a well drained, sunny site; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: WS13+CS13 Packet (5 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			126P Cladrastis lutea Yellow wood. A small tree from Southeastern USA, growing to 10 m (33 ft) or more high. As well as being a nitrogen--fixing legume, a yellow dye is obtained from the wood (hence the name), bees love the flowers, and the timber is valued for cabinet work and gun stocks. Likes a well drained soil and sun or light shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: SC Packet (8 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	127H Cornus canadensis Creeping dogwood, Dwarf cornel. Unlike most Cornus, this is a creeping perennial woodland plant from North America. It only grows 20 cm (8") high but spreads rapidly once established, making an excellent ground cover in shady locations. It also bears edible red fruits. Likes a moist acid soil and a position in part or full shade; hardy to -45°C. Stratification: WS13+CS13 Packet (25 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		127J Cornus capitata Bentham’s cornel. A large bushy evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) high or more from the Himalayas. It bears large edible fruits, up to 25 mm (1”) across, which look like strawberries. Likes a sunny site; hardy to -15°C or so. Stratification: CS8 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		127N Cornus florida Flowering dogwood. A large shrub or small tree, reaching up to 10 m (32 ft) high, from North America; grows 40 cm per year. Has highly ornamental white flowers. The bark is used medicinally and the hard wood for hubs, bearings, handles etc. Likes an acid soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS14 Packet (9 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			129 Cornus mas Cornelian cherry. A small tree/ large shrub from Central and Southern Europe, quite at home in Britain. The cherry-like fruits are edible (raw, cooked or dried) with a plum flavour when fully ripe; flowers are used as a flavouring and seeds have been used to make a coffee. Bark and fruits have been used medicinally, while the hard wood is used for skewers, javelins, spokes, gears etc. Also a bee plant. Tolerates deep shade, though fruits best in sun; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS23 Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			129B Cornus officinalis Japanese cornelian cherry. A small Japanese tree, closely related to C.mas, growing to 6 m (20 ft) high. It bears edible cherry-like fruits. The fruits and stem bark are used medicinally. Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS23 Packet (6 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		129D Coronilla emerus Scorpion senna. Rounded bushy shrub to 2 m (6 ft) high and wide, bears yellow flowers from spring to autumn, followed by slender pods. A good nitrogen-fixing legume, and the plant is used medicinally. Likes sun and a well-drained soil; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: SC Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			129M Crataegus arnoldiana A small round-headed tree from North America growing to 6 m (20 ft) tall. It bears very nice sweet, tasty and juicy red fruits in early autumn. Grows in any reasonable soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -23ºC. Stratification: CS13 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130C Crataegus douglasii Black haw. A small tree from Western N.America, growing 10 m (32 ft) high. It bears edible, sweet, 12 mm (½") black fruits in abundance and is a bee plant. Any soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: WS13+CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130D Crataegus durobrivensis A rare small round-headed hybrid tree from North America growing to 6 m (20 ft) tall. It bears very nice sweet, tasty and juicy red fruits, 16 mm (0.7”) across, in early autumn. Grows in any reasonable soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -25ºC. Grafted plants. Stratification: CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130E Crataegus ellwangeriana A rare small round-headed tree from the Eastern USA, growing to 6 m (20 ft) tall. It bears very nice sweet, tasty and juicy red fruits, 20 mm (0.8”) across, in early autumn. Grows in any reasonable soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -25ºC. Grafted plants. Stratification: CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130H Crataegus mollis Red haw. Another small tree from North America, growing 10 m (32 ft) high or more. The red fruits are borne in large clusters; they are edible, 12-25 mm (½-1") across. The wood is used for turnery. Likes sun or part shade; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (16 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130L Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn, Quick, May. The familiar native small tree which is common in hedges and woodland edges. It grows to about 10 m (32 ft) high (6 m, 20 ft, in 10 years). The young leaves are edible - raw in salads or in teas, and the fruits are edible, usually used in preserves. The seeds can be made into a coffee. Several parts are used medicinally. Makes an excellent stockproof hedging plant, also a bee plant. The wood makes good fuel. Any soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: WS13+CS26 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130N Crataegus oxycantha Midland hawthorn. The other native Crataegus to Britain, this is similar to the hawthorn but is smaller (reaching 6 m, 20 ft) and has fewer thorns. Uses the same as C.monogyna. Hardy to about -20°C. Stratification: WS13+CS26 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130P Crataegus tanacetifolia Syrian haw. Rounded small thornless tree growing to 10 m (30 ft) high, often less. Fragrant white flowers in summer are followed by rounded, aromatic, orange-red edible fruits, up to 2.45 cm (1”) across, of good flavour. Stratification: CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			130R Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey cypress. A large, fast growing evergreen tree from California. In the west of Britain it makes one of the best windbreak and shelterbelt trees, especially near the coast. A good nurse tree for other species. The durable timber is valued for construction, joinery etc. Likes a sunny site; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	130T Cynara cardunculus Cardoon. Tall perennial from the Mediterranean region growing to 2 m (7 ft) high. The blanched leaf stalks are cooked as a celery-like vegetable; also edible are the cooked roots, young leaves & stalks, and unopened flower buds (like artichokes). The dried flowers curdle milk. The leaves are also used medicinally and bees love the flowers. Likes a moist well drained soil and sun or light shade. Hardy to -10°C or so. Stratification: ND Packet (12 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	130W Cynara scolymus Globe artichoke. Tall perennial from Europe, growing 2 m (7 ft) high. Usually grown for the edible flower receptacles; also edible are the blanched leaves and stalks when cooked. The leaves are used medicinally and bees love the flowers. Likes a moist well-drained soil and sun; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: ND Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		131 Cytisus scoparius Broom. An evergreen native shrub, growing 3 m (10 ft) high within a few years. A nitrogen-fixing legume, vigorous and healthy, which needs a sunny position and a well-drained soil. The seeds can be used to make a coffee, while the flower buds may be pickled (use with care - may be toxic to some people). A very wind-hardy hedging plant; several dyes are obtained from the plant, which provides food for bees and butterflies. Hardy to about -20°C. Stratification: SC Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		131A Daphne mezereon Mezereon. A European shrub growing to 1.8 m (6 ft) high. The bark, fruits and roots are all used medicinally (NB: poisonous!) and also provide yellow and green-brown dyes; bees love the flowers in late winter/early spring. Likes a part shady site; hardy to -30°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (12 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			132 Diospyros lotus Date plum. A medium-sized tree from E.Asia, bearing yellow or purple edible fruits the size of small tomatoes; these have an excellent rich flavour when fully ripe (may require bletting or allowed to be frosted to remove astringency) - bears readily in S.England. Likes a moist site in sun or part shade; dioecious; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (10 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		135 Drimys winterii Winter's bark. A large evergreen shrub from South America whose aromatic, pungent bark is used as a spice (a pepper substitute). Likes a moist acid soil and a part shady site. Hardy to -12°C, needs the protection of a wall outside of the SW. Stratification: ND Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	135D Echinacea purpurea Purple coneflower. Perennial from the Eastern USA growing to 1.5 m (5 ft) high when flowering. The roots are now ell known for their medicinal properties - strengthening the immune system - and are widely used in herbal medicine. Likes a moist, well-drained soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -35°C. Protect from slugs! Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		137 Elaeagnus commutata Silver berry. A large nitrogen-fixing shrub, growing to 5 m (16 ft) high, 20 cm per year, with silvery leaves and fruits. The egg-shaped fruits are edible, usually sweetened or cooked; the seeds are also edible. The fibrous bark is used to make ropes etc. A good hedging and bee plant. Likes full sun and a well-drained soil; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (10 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		138 Elaeagnus multiflora Cherry elaeagnus, Goumi. A deciduous elaeagnus from Japan and China, a spreading shrub to 3m (10 ft) high, nitrogen-fixing and producing an abundance of large cherry-sized dark red edible fruits. Good hedging plant. Growth 2m (7 ft) in 10 years; hardy to about -20°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		139 Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn olive. A large, spreading, vigorous shrub to 10m (32 ft) high; nitrogen-fixing and benefiting other nearby plants. Bears pale red, juicy, sweet-acid edible fruits in autumn; the seeds are also edible. Fruits are borne at about 6 years of age. Useful in hedges, as a dune stabiliser and as a nurse plant. Growth 2.5m (8 ft) in 10 years; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: WS4+CS10 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		139A Ephedra nevadensis Mormon tea. A shrub from the Western USA growing to 1 m (3 ft) high. The sweet fruits are eaten as are the cooked seeds; the stems are used to make a tea, medicinally and are used for dyeing. Likes a well-drained light soil and sun; hardy to -18°C or so. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	139P Eryngium campestre Field eryngo, Snakeroot. A European perennial growing to 60 cm (2 ft) high. The young shoots are cooked and eaten, and the roots cooked or candied. The roots and fresh plant are used medicinally. Likes a well drained soil and sun; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		139D Euonymus europaeus Spindle tree. A large shrub or small tree from Europe, growing up to 7 m (24 ft) high - 3 m (10 ft) in 10 years. Roots, bark and fruits are used medicinally; the fruits give a yellow dye and are insecticidal. Used as a dune stabiliser. The timber is hard and used for small items. Any soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -30°C. Stratification: CS39 Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	139E Eupatorium perforatum Boneset, Throughwort. Perennial from North America growing to 1 m (3 ft) high. Widely used as a medicinal plant in North America, with the leaves and stems used. Grows in any reasonable soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -25ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	139G Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet. European perennial growing to 2 m (7 ft) high when flowering. The leaves can be used for tea, the flowers for wine and the roots cooked and eaten; the aerial parts are medicinal, and all parts give dyes. A good mineral accumulator which attracts bees and beneficial insects. An essential oil from the plant is sometimes used in perfumery. Likes a part or fully shaded site and a moist soil; hardy to -30°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (500 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	139H Foeniculum vulgare Fennel. Perennial from southern Europe growing to 2 m (6 ft) high. All parts have the well-known anise flavour and can be used for flavouring; the leaves and seeds are used medicinally and in herb teas. Attracts bees and beneficial insects; also a mineral accumulator. Likes sun or part shade and a well-drained soil; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	139J Fragaria vesca Wild strawberry, woodland strawberry. A low growing semi-evergreen perennial plant, spreading and rooting as it goes. Most folk know the wild strawberry and its small but very tasty fruits. Strawberries make a good component of a ground cover layer beneath or around other plants. The fruits and leaves are used medicinally, and bees love the flowers. Grow in any soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -23ºC. Stratification: CS4 Packet (400 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			139F Fraxinus ornus Manna ash. A small tree from Southern Europe, growing 8 m (27 ft) high; grows 60 cm (2 ft) per year. In Southern Europe, cuts are made in the bark and the gummy exudation that forms is used both for food and medicinally. Likes a moist site and sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS34 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	139M Galium verum Lady’s bedstraw. European perennial growing to 1.2 m (4 ft) high. The flowering tops can be used to make a tea; also used medicinally and to curdle mil. All parts give dyes. Bees and butterflies love the plant. Likes a moist soil and some shade; hardy to -30°C. Stratification: ND Packet (500 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		140 Gautheria shallon Salal, Shallon. A small evergreen shrub 1-1.8m (3-6 ft) high, vigorous and spreading freely to make a good ground cover. Freely bears large clusters of dark purple edible fruits, 10 mm across, with a good flavour. Likes an acid, moist soil and part or full shade - an excellent understorey crop. Also a bee plant. Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS17 Packet (32 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		140C Genista tinctoria Dyer's greenweed. A dwarf shrub from Europe, growing 1 m (3 ft) high; a nitrogen-fixing legume. All aerial parts are used medicinally and for dyeing. A bee plant and ground cover plant; a fibre is obtained from the stems. Needs full sun and a well-drained soil; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: SC Packet (30 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		P	140D Gentiana lutea Yellow gentian. European perennial growing to 2 m (6 ft) high when flowering. Well known as a source of edible rhizomes – used commercially in various liqueurs. The dried tap root is used medicinally. Prefers sun and a well drained acid soil. Hardy to -25°C. Stratification: WS4+CS4 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			142 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey locust. A large tree to 20m (70 ft) high, leguminous but not a nitrogen-fixer. Has long seed pods which contain seeds in a sweet edible pulp; the young seeds and young pods are also edible cooked. The pods are the basis for developing agroforestry systems as sheep in particular are fond of using them for fodder when they drop. The tree is also used for erosion control, and is a bee plant; the timber is valuable. Growth is 4m (13 ft) in 10 years; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: SC Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	142F Glycyrrhiza glabra Liquorice. Perennial legume from Southern Europe, growing up to 1.2 m (4 ft) high. Sometimes cultivated as an annual. The roots are edible raw - they are the source of common liquorice. Also used medicinally, and a good ground cover. Deep rooted and an excellent mineral accumulator as well as fixing nitrogen. Likes a moist soil and part or full shade; hardy to -12°C. NB plants doesn’t start growing until late May or June - be patient! Stratification: SC Packet (35 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			142H Gymnocladus dioica Kentucky coffee tree. A large North American tree, growing up to 25 m (80 ft) high; grows 6 m (20 ft) in 10 years. Large compound leaves turn a clear yellow in autumn. The seeds, borne in pods, can be roasted and made into a coffee, while the bark and pods contain saponins and can be used as soap sources. The wood is valued for cabinet work and fencing. A dioecious legume which doesn’t fix nitrogen, & which likes sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: SC Packet (8 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		142L Hamamelis virginiana Witch hazel. A large North American shrub from forest understories, growing to 5 m (16 ft) high, 30 cm per year. Bright yellow flowers open in the autumn as the leaves fall. The oily seeds are edible, but the plant is best known for its medicinal leaves and inner bark. Branches are used as diviner's rods. Likes a moist, slightly acid soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: CS34 Packet (10 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	142Q Helianthus maximiliani Maximilian sunflower. Tall tuberous perennial from North America. Produces edible tubers (a perennial artichoke). Likes a well-draned soil; hardy to -30°C Stratification: ND Packet (70 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	142R Helleborus foeditus Hellebore. Erect perennial with hairless stems, flowering from winter to spring. Evergreen ground cover, bee plant, medicinal plant. Likes sun or shade and a soil not acid; hardy to -20°C Stratification: CS13 Packet (25 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		P	142S Hemerocallis minor Grassleaf daylily. Semi-evergreen perennial with long narrow leaves and bright flowers in summer. Has edible flowers, young leaves & shoots cooked; ground cover. Likes sun; hardy to -30°C Stratification: ND Packet (5 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		P	142P Herniaria glabra Rupturewort. European evergreen perennial growing 30 cm (1 ft) high. The leaves and flowering shoots have long been used medicinally. Also makes a good ground cover plant. Likes sun and a well-drained acid soil. Hardy to -25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		142N Hibiscus syriacus Mallow. A medium deciduous shrub from China and India, growing to 3 m (10 ft) high though often less. The young leaves and flowers are used in teas, and the flowers for dyeing. The bark and roots are used medicinally. Likes a moist site in the sun; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS16 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			143 Hippophae rhamnoides Sea buckthorn. A large shrub or small tree native to Britain, growing 6m (20 ft) high or more; nitrogen-fixing. Produces abundant fruits which are edible (cooked and sweetened) - they are very high in Vitamins A & C. Used as a sand dune stabiliser; all parts yield a yellow dye; also a bee plant. Likes a well drained, sunny site and grows in any soil. Dioecious, so both sexes are needed for fruit. Growth 3.5m (12 ft) in 10 years; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: CS17 Packet (150 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		143D Holodiscus discolor Ocean spray. A large shrub from Western North America, growing to 5 m (16 ft) high - 3 m (10 ft) in 10 years. It bears edible fruits, raw or cooked. The very hard wood does not burn easily and is used to make kitchen implements etc. Likes a moist soil and sun or part shade; hardy to about -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (15000 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			143C Hovenia dulcis Japanese raisin tree. A small tree from China and Mongolia (not Japan!). Has ornamental, glossy foliage. The enlarged fruit stalks are edible, being sweet, succulent and with a raisin-like flavour. Also used medicinally. This species is used in China in the reforestation of sandy soils. Likes a well-drained soil and full sun; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: SC Packet (25 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		143T Hypericum calycinum A small trailing shrub to 30 cm (1 ft) high from the Mediterranean with grey-green leaves and deep yellow flowers in summer, loved by bees. Makes a good ground cover. Likes a well drained soil and sun; hardy to -20ºC. Stratification: CS4 Packet (100 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		P	143G Hypericum perforatum St John’s wort. A European perennial growing 90 cm (3 ft) high, liking a well-drained site. A long-used medicinal plant, now becoming popular because of its effectiveness for depression and other nervous complaints. It is also a good dye plant with several dyes obtained. Hardy to -30°C. Stratification: ND Packet (500 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	143J Hyssopus officinalis Hyssop. Evergreen perennial from Southern Europe, growing to 60 cm (2 ft) high. The leaves are used as a flavouring; the flowers are edible, and the essential oil from leaves is used for flavouring and in perfumery. The leaves and stems are used medicinally. Attracts bees and butterflies. Likes a sunny, well-drained soil; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (250 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		143F Ilex aquifolium Holly. The familiar large native shrub with prickly glossy green leaves, which can grow to 10 m (32 ft) high or more. The leaves, fruit and bark have all been used medicinally. Often found as part of ancient mixed hedges. The wood is unusual in that it burns well when green, though it is also valued for inlay work, veneers, musical instruments etc. Also a bee and wildlife plant. Grows almost anywhere, including in deep shade; hardy to -18°C. Stratification: WS12+CS40+WS12 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	143H Juncus inflexus Hard rush. An evergreen perennial waterside or marsh plant from central and Southern Europe, with strong triangular stems growing to 1.2 m (4 ft) high. Used along water courses for erosion control. The stems are used for basketry and matting. Makes good water fowl fodder and cover. Likes a moist/wet site in sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C or more. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		144 Juniperus communis Juniper. The well known evergreen shrub which yields the edible fruit used in gin. A variable shrub to 5m (16 ft) high, though often lower, the fruits are used for flavouring. Also used as a nurse shrub and in hedges, and the foliage is used to smoke hams and cheeses. Dioecious, so both sexes are needed for fruit. Hardy to -35°C. Stratification: WS13+CS13 Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		144B Juniperus sabina Savin. An evergreen shrub from Southern Europe, growing to 3 m (10 ft) high. Dioecious. The needles and essential oil from the branches are used medicinally (NS: poisonous!); the oil is also used in perfumery. Can be used as a ground cover. Likes a site in sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: WS4+CS13 Packet (8 d.b. seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			144D Juniperus scopulorum Rocky mountain juniper. Evergreen tree from Western North America, growing to 12 m (40 ft) high; a slow growing shrub in Britain. Dioecious. The fruits (pea sized) are edible raw or cooked, and can be roasted to make a coffee or infused to make a tea. The fruits and twigs are used medicinally. The durable timber is highly valued. Likes an alkaline site in sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: WS13+CS13 Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			144C Juniperus virginiana Eastern red cedar, Pencil cedar. A tall, fast-growing narrow coniferous tree from North America, often grown as an ornamental in Europe. The small blue fruits are edible, while the leaves and an oil distilled from them are used medicinally. Fruits and foliage yield dyes. The timber is valued for construction, joinery etc and was used for pencils, hence the name. Likes a position in sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C or more. Stratification: CS8 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			144L Laburnum anagyroides Golden chain, Laburnum. A small leguminous tree from central and Southern Europe, with masses of bright yellow flowers in spring. A popular ornamental. A good nitrogen-fixing species which succeeds in almost any situation. The timber is one of the hardest and heaviest of all European trees: it is valued for cabinet and instrument making. Like other Laburnums, the leaves and seeds (borne in pods) are poisonous. Likes sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: SC Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			144J Larix decidua Larch. Large European coniferous tree - not evergreen - growing to 30 m (100 ft) high - 5 m (16 ft) in 10 years. The inner bark is used medicinally (and can be eaten in times of famine), and the needles and bark provide dyes. The timber is highly valued for construction etc. Any soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -30°C. These seeds are from a registered seed stand of trees of good form. Stratification: CS4 Packet (30 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		144Q Lavandula angustifolia Lavender. A dwarf evergreen shrub from the Mediterranean region, growing to 60 cm (2 ft) high. Well known for its medicinal leaves and flowers, and the essential oil from the flowers which is widely used in perfumery and toiletries. The leaves and flowers can be used for flavouring and bees adore the plant. Likes a well-drained soil and sun; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	144V Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort. A very hardy perennial from Europe growing to 1.5 m (5 ft) high. The flowering tops are aromatic and used as a flavouring, and the flowers used to make a tea. The leaves and stems are used medicinally and provide a green dye. Bees like the flowers. Likes a well-drained soil and shade. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		144N Lespedeza bicolor Bush clover. A medium deciduous shrub from Eastern Asia, growing to 3 m (10 ft) high. A legume, fixing large amounts of nitrogen. The young leaves, stems, flowers and seeds are all edible when cooked, and the leaves are used as a tea substitute. Roots and leaves are used medicinally. Esteemed as a fodder plant (fresh or made into hay) and a good bee plant. Widely used for soil conservation and its wildlife value. Likes a well-drained soil in full sun; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: SC Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	144S Levisticum officinale Lovage. A vigorous, deep-rooted, large perennial growing to 2 m (7 ft) high. All parts are strongly aromatic with a yeasty-celery flavour and make a good celery-substitute; the young stems and leaves are usually used (raw or cooked) but roots and seeds are also edible. Attractive to bees and hoverflies. Likes a moist soil and a position in sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			144T Libocedrus decurrens Incense cedar. A large evergreen tree from the Western USA, growing there to 30 m (100 ft) high, with very aromatic leaves. The timber is very durable and highly valued for construction, furniture, sleepers, fencing etc. Tolerates part shade; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		145 Lindera benzoin Spice bush, Wild allspice. A large aromatic shrub to 6m (20 ft) high, with all parts usable as an allspice flavouring; the leaves are used to make a tea. Likes a moist, acid soil and part shade; dioecious so both sexes are needed for fruit. Hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS14 Packet (10 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		145A Lindera obtusiloba Japanese allspice. A large aromatic shrub to 10 m (33 ft) high. Leaves and others parts are used for flavouring and to make a tea. Likes a moist acid soil and part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (10 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			145F Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip tree. A large North American tree, growing to 30 m (100 ft) high or more (4 m in 10 years). The bark and roots are used for flavouring food and beer, while the inner bark is used medicinally. A good bee tree, with the leaves supplying a golden dye. The timber is valued for construction, roof shingles, fencing etc. Likes a moist soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS26 Packet (15 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		145M Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle. A vigorous climber, growing high into trees. Stems are used for basketry, flowers & leaves are medicinal. Sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C Stratification: CS20 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	145T Lotus corniculatus Bird’s foot trefoil. A nitrogen-fixing ground cover with masses of yellow flowers in summer. A bee plant, fodder plant, and has medicinal flowers. Likes sun and a well-drained soil; hardy to -20°C Stratification: SC Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		146 Lupinus arboreus Tree lupin. A small or medium sized evergreen shrub from California, naturalised in S.England. Grows to 3 m (10 ft) high within a few years; relatively short-lived. An excellent nitrogen-fixing legume species, very wind hardy and good in hedges and windbreaks. Also a bee plant, dune stabiliser and the flowers yield a yellow dye. Likes a slightly acid soil and full sun; hardy to about -12°C. Stratification: SC Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	146C Lupinus perennis Wild lupin. A perennial from North America, growing 60 cm (2 ft) high. The seeds are edible after cooking (used any way that cooked beans are); the young seedpods are also edible cooked. An excellent nitrogen-fixing legume which also accumulates other minerals. Leaves and flowering stems are used for dyeing and bees love the flowers. Likes a well-drained, slightly acid soil and full sun; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: SC Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		147 Lycium barbarum Box thorn, Common matrimony vine. A vigorous shrub to 3m (10 ft) high with arching stems, with orange-scarlet, egg-shaped edible fruits of liquorice flavour (used to make wine); also has edible young shoots (with a cress/peppermint flavour), and leaves (used to make a tea). Has a long history of medicinal uses. Good in hedges; likes a well drained site and sun or part shade. Growth 2m (7 ft) in 10 years; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			148 Maackia amurensis A shrub or tree to 15m (50 ft) high, leguminous and nitrogen-fixing. Has edible young leaves and valuable timber. Used in reforestation as a green manure tree. Needs a sunny, well-drained site. Growth 2m (6 ft) in 10 years; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: SC Packet (15 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			149 Maclura pomifera Osage orange. A tree up to 18m (60 ft) high, bearing large pale-yellow fruits which are not edible - in fact they are insecticidal, and the oil from them can be used as a lubricant. Good in hedges and windbreaks. Dyes, rubber and medicinal products can all be obtained from this species. Likes a sunny, well-drained soil; dioecious. Growth 6m (20 ft) in 10 years; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			150 Magnolia kobus Kobus magnolia. A deciduous large shrub or small tree to 10m (32 ft) high from Northern Japan. The flowers and flower buds are edible when cooked, and the leaves are used as a flavouring and to make a tea. Source of pollen for bees in April. Likes a moist sunny site. Hardy to about -25°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (6 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		152 Mahonia aquifolium Oregon grape. A small evergreen shrub growing 1-1.5 (3-5 ft) high, tolerating deep shade. The blue-black fruits, 10 mm across, are edible as are the bright yellow flowers. Dyes can be made from the fruit, shoots and roots. An excellent ground cover and a superb understorey crop; also good in hedges. A good early source of nectar and pollen for honey and bumble bees. Hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS17 Packet (150 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		152A Mahonia japonica A Japanese evergreen shrub growing to 2 m (6 ft) high. Grows in most soils and sun or shade. Like other Mahonias, it bears edible fruits which are 9 mm across, on the acid side but nice if sweetened; these ripen in late spring - May usually. Hardy to -15ºC. Stratification: CS17 Packet (50=25 db seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		153 Mahonia nervosa Water holly, Oregon grape. A small evergreen spreading shrub to 1m (3 ft) high, tolerating deep shade. The blue-black fruits, 10 mm across, are edible as are the flowers and young leaves (cooked). An excellent ground cover and understorey crop. Also used for hedges; a source of nectar and pollen for bees. Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS17 Packet (50 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		154 Mahonia repens Creeping barberry, Creeping Oregon grape. A spreading evergreen shrub to 60 cm (2 ft) high, tolerating deep shade. Bloomy black fruits, 10 mm across, are edible. An excellent ground cover and understorey crop; also used for hedges. Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS17 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		A	153D Malva sylvestris Common mallow. Annual or short-lived native bushy perennial growing 1 m (3 ft) high, bearing large pinkish-purple flowers from spring to autumn; again with very good edible leaves and flowers. All parts are medicinal and a fibre has been made from the stems; various dyes are made from the plant; bees love the flowers. Grow in any soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -23ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	153C Malva verticillata Crispa Chinese mallow. Short-lived perennial or annual, but one which self-seeds readily even in shady conditions. Grows about 1.5 m (5 ft) high in sun or shade. It has excellent edible leaves - which can be very large, up to 30 cm (1 ft) across - with a mild flavour and good texture: an excellent salad plant. Long cultivated for its leaves. ‘Crispa’ is a form which has wavy edged leaves. The seeds and roots are medicinal and dyes are made from the plant. Grow in any soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	153M Marrubium vulgare Hoarhound. European perennial growing to 60 cm (2 ft) high. The leaves are used as a flavouring and the essential oil from leaves as a flavouring in liqueurs. The flowering plant is used medicinally. Dyes are obtained from the stems and leaves, and bees love the flowers. Likes a moist soil and sun; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	154B Melissa officinalis Lemon balm. The familiar perennial herb with lemon-scented leaves which are excellent as a flavouring, in salads and teas. Planted thickly, it is a useful ground cover plant; it self-seeds readily and spreads quickly if allowed. Bees love the flowers. A good mineral accumulator. Tolerates most soils in a sunny or partly shaded position; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (300 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	154H Mentha piperita Peppermint. The familiar hybrid mint used for flavouring, herb teas etc. It is a vigorous spreading perennial, growing to 90 cm (3 ft) high and forming a ground cover; likes sun or part shade and a moist soil. As well as being edible and medicinal, bees love the flowers and all aerial parts are useful for dyeing. Hardy to -35°C. Stratification: ND Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	154E Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal. European perennial growing 40 cm (16”) high, liking a moist site. Leaves are used as a flavouring and the plant is a well-known medicinal herb. A good bee and butterfly plant. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: ND Packet (500 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	154L Mentha spicata Spearmint, Green mint. The familiar mint found in garden herb beds. It is a vigorous spreading perennial, growing to 1m (3 ft) high and forms a ground cover. Likes sun or part shade and a moist soil; hardy to -35°C. The leaves and essential oil are edible as a flavouring, medicinal, used in perfumery etc. Bees and butterflies love the flowers. Stratification: ND Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	154D Mentha suaveolens Apple mint, Round-leaved mint. Another vigorous mint from Europe, this one a spreading perennial growing 1 m (3 ft) high which likes a moist soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Leaves are used for flavouring, bees love the flowers, and forms a ground cover. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			154G Metasequoia glyptostroboides Dawn redwood. Large deciduous fast-growing tree from Southeastern China, growing to 35 m (120 ft) or more. It has very valuable timber, similar to that from the other redwood species, which is very durable and can be used for construction and any exterior use. Likes a moist climate, a moist soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	154M Micromeria thymifolia A rare evergreen perennial from North America, growing in dry sunny locations. It has very aromatic leaves with a minty-thyme flavour, used for flavouring and to make teas. Bees love the flowers. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			154F Morus alba White mulberry. A hardy, small or medium tree from China, growing up to 15 m (50 ft) high. It bears sweet edible fruits (not always white) which can also be dried or made into wine. The leaves and fruits are used medicinally. The inner bark is used to make a fibre. A bee plant and silkworm fodder. Needs a position in sun; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS16 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			155 Morus alba tatarica Russian mulberry. The hardiest mulberry, a small bushy-headed tree to 6m (20 ft) high, often used in windbreaks. The sweet fruits are edible, as are young leaves & shoots (cooked). The inner bark is used to make paper and rope. Growth 4m (13 ft) in 10 years; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			155C Morus nigra Black mulberry. Small tree from Western Asia, growing to 10 m (32 ft) high, sometimes more. The fruits are sweet and edible with a good flavour. Leaves, bark and fruits are used medicinally. The timber is valued for musical instruments, inlays, veneers etc. Needs a position in full sun; hardy to about -20°C. Stratification: CS16 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		156 Myrtus communis Myrtle. A dense evergreen shrub reaching 5 m (16 ft) high (25 cm per year) with fragrant leaves. The fruits, leaves, flower buds and the oil from buds/leaves are all edible, used as a flavouring. The oil is also used in perfumery, and the plant is used by bees. Makes a good hedging plant in mild areas. Likes a neutral or alkaline soil and full sun; hardy to about -10°C. Stratification: ND Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	156A Nasturtium officinale Watercress. Aquatic perennial which likes being by running water, but will grow in other damp sites. Grows to 50 cm (18”) high, and spreading twice that where it is comfortable, trailing and rooting as it goes; has small white flowers. You’ll know that the leaves are edible, with a strong peppery flavour. They are also medicinal, and bees love the flowers. Grow in any wet or damp soil; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			156G Olea europaea Olive. Small evergreen tree from the Mediterranean region which hardy needs describing; grows to 6 m (20 ft) high. Source of the fruits which are usually pickled, and the oil from fruits used for all culinary purposes. The oil, leaves and bark are used medicinally. Likes a sunny site and well-drained soil; hardy to -10°C or so once established. Stratification: ND Cracking shell may help Packet (10 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	156B Origanum vulgare Oregano, Pot marjoram. A bushy, woody-based perennial growing 45-60 cm (18-24”) high and wide, with dark green leaves and tiny mauve flowers in summer, much loved by bees. Likes a well drained soil and sun or part shade. The leaves are used as a culinary herb, as is the essential oil from them. Also used medicinally, and for dyes. The plant is supposed to repel ants and other insects. Makes a good ground cover in sunny locations. Grow in any well drained soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: ND Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			156P Ostrya carpinifolia Hop hornbeam. Tree from Southern Europe, growing up to 18 m (60 ft) high - 3 m (10 ft) in 10 years. The wood is hard, very tough, and close grained - used for general carpentry and charcoal. Any soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: WS13+CS13 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			156C Oxydendrum arboreum Sorrel tree. A large shrub or small tree from North America, growing up to 10 m (32 ft) high (4 m in 10 years). The leaves are edible, being quite tender with an excellent mild lemony sorrel flavour. The leaves are also used medicinally, and the species is a bee plant. Likes a moist, slightly acid soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (500 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	156F Oxyria digyna Mountain sorrel. A perennial from Northern temperate regions, growing 50 cm high. The leaves are edible raw in salads, with an excellent lemony flavour and almost succulent texture. A dye is obtained from the flowers. Self-seeds readily. Likes a moist, slightly acid soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	156R Parthenium integrifolium Wild quinine. Aromatic American perennial to 1.2 m (4 ft) high. Leaves are used medicinally to treat fevers. Hardy to –30°C Stratification: ND Packet (10 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		156H Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper. A vigorous, tall-growing and self-clinging vine, excellent for covering high walls, trees etc and for ground cover. The blue-black fruits are edible, and the stems have been eaten when peeled and cooked. The fruits also yield a dye, while the stems are used for basketry; also a bee plant. Likes a position in part or full shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: CS12 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		156Q Parthenocissus tricuspidata Japanese ivy, Boston ivy. Vigorous, tall-growing and self-clinging vine, reaching high into trees and covering walls etc. The sap is sweet and edible, branches are used for basketry, bees like the flowers, and makes a vigorous ground covering plant. Any soil - prefers some shade, tolerates deep shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS12 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		156L Passiflora caerulea Blue passion flower. If you see a climbing passion flower outside in Britain, then this is probably the species it will be. A vigorous, rampant species which is evergreen in mild areas, with large beautiful flowers in summer and autumn. These are followed by ovoid, orange-red fruits 1-1½" long, which can be used as a flavouring (especially the tasty fruit pulp). Also a bee plant. Hardy to -15°C, perennial in cold climates. Stratification: CS4 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		156T Passiflora edulis Purple passion fruit, Purple granadilla. The well-known passion fruits you can see in the supermarkets and in restaurants come from this species. A south American climbing vine, reaching many metres in height. It needs greenhouse conditions in Britain, and a well-drained soil; the fruits are freely borne here in such conditions. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
T			156M Paulownia tomentosa Empress tree, Foxglove tree. A fast growing upright tree (to 12 m, 40 ft in the UK) with very large bright green leaves and fragrant pinkish flowers in late spring. The leaves, flowers and inner bark are all used medicinally. Widely grown in China and elsewhere as a fast growing timber tree, the wood used for all general construction purposes. Likes a fertile well-drained soil in sun; very tolerant of atmospheric pollution. Hardy to -23°C. Stratification: ND Packet (5000 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			156N Phellodendron amurense Amur cork tree. A medium deciduous tree from Northern China, growing 15 m (50 ft) high. Older trees have distinctive corky bark. The seeds, bark and fruits are all used medicinally; the seeds are also insecticidal. The bark yields a yellow dye. A good bee plant, with timber valued for joinery, furniture etc. Likes a moist position in sun or part shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		158 Phormium tenax New Zealand flax. An evergreen shrub, usually 2-3m (6-10 ft) high with sword-shaped leathery leaves. These leaves produce a strong fibre suitable for ropes, paper etc. They can also be used as twine merely by splitting and using fresh; or whole for basketry. Likes sun or part shade; tolerates exposure and suitable for hedging. Bee plant. Hardy to -12°C; naturalised in SW England. Stratification: ND Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	158A Phragmites australis Reed. This is the common reed which grows in many parts of the world in wet locations. It is an excellent water purifier, the stems are used for thatching and craft uses; the roots, young shoots and seeds can be cooked and eaten. Also good for erosion control. Hardy to -25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	158B Physalis alkekengi Chinese lantern, Japanese lantern, Winter cherry. A vigorous spreading perennial growing 30-60 cm (1-2 ft) high of the potato family. The ripe fruits are orange-scarlet, borne inside a papery calyx or ‘lantern’, and are edible with a tomato-strawberry flavour. Bees like the flowers. Likes a reasonably well-drained site in full sun or part shade; hardy to -20ºC. Protect new growth from slugs. Stratification: ND Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	158D Phytolacca americana Pokeweed. An American perennial plant with large flowering stems to 4 m (13 ft) high. Best known as a medicinal plant (roots used) and for the fruits which furnish a red ink and dye. Bees like the flowers. Likes a moist soil and tolerates part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	158F Pimpinella saxifaga Burnet saxifrage. A European perennial growing 1 m (3 ft) high which grows in most soils. The young leaves and shoots are eaten in salads, the seeds as a condiment and an essential oil is distilled from the root as a flavouring. The leaves and roots are medicinal. Good at attracting beneficial insects. Hardy to -25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			158L Pinus armandii Armand’s pine, Chinese white pine. Evergreen tree from Western China, growing to 20 m (70 ft) or more - 4 m (13 ft) in 10 years. Bears edible seeds, up to 13 mm (0.5”) long - fruits well in Britain. The timber is used for construction, joinery and furniture. Any light soil in sun; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (5 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			159 Pinus cembra Arolla pine, Swiss stone pine. An evergreen tree up to 25m (80 ft) high but often less, with a conical habit; the seeds from cones are ½" (12 mm) long and edible. Turpentine is made from the needles. Hardy to -30°C. Stratification: WS13+CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
T			159D Pinus cembroides edulis Rocky Mountain piñon. Evergreen tree from Southwestern N.America, growing there to 15 m (50 ft) high - smaller in Britain. It bears very large excellent edible seeds (12-18 mm, 0.5-0.75” long). The needles are used to make a tea. The timber is used for posts. Prefers a dry warm climate - best in the South and East of Britain. Likes a sunny site and acid light soil; hardy to -30°C. Stratification: ND Packet (15 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			159K Pinus jeffreyi Jeffrey pine. A large evergreen tree from Western North America. Likes a well-drained soil on the acid side and full sun. The seeds are edible and quite large, 10-15 mm long. Grows well and bears cones in Britain. Hardy to -15 or -20ºC. Stratification: CS8 Packet (20 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
T			159L Pinus nigra austriaca Austrian pine. Large European evergreen tree, growing to 30 m (100 ft) high - 6 m (20 ft) in 10 years. Used as a shelterbelt tree, as a source or resin and turpentine, but mostly used as a major forestry tree, the timber being used for construction, marine uses etc. Likes sun and a well-drained soil; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			159M Pinus nigra corsicana Corsican pine. Large evergreen tree from Corsica, growing to 45 m (150 ft) high - 8 m (27 ft) in 10 years. Used as a shelterbelt tree, as a source or resin and turpentine, but mostly used as a major forestry tree, the timber being used for construction, marine uses etc. Likes sun and a well-drained soil; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			159P Pinus pinaster Maritime pine. Large evergreen tree from Southwestern Europe, growing to 30 m (100 ft) or more in height - 6 m (20 ft) in 10 years. Bears edible seeds, 10 mm (0.4”) long. A major source of resin, giving pitch, tar and turpentine. Also used for shelterbelts and stabilising sand dunes. The timber is valued for construction etc. Likes a light soil and sun; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (15 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			163 Pinus pinea Umbrella pine, Stone pine. A medium sized evergreen tree from the Mediterranean region, growing 15 m (50 ft) high or more. After 10-15 years, it bears cones with large edible seeds - the most important source of pine kernels for commerce. The shoot tips are used to make a tea, while the timber is used for construction, joinery etc. Likes a sunny site and is happy in much of Britain; hardy to about -15°C. Stratification: CS0-4 Packet (10 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		159R Pinus pumila Dwarf Siberian pine. An extremely hardy pine, this one making a medium evergreen shrub reaching up to 3 m (10 ft) high. Likes sun and an acid soil. Can be used in hedges and the lower parts of windbreaks. The seeds, up to 10 x 7 mm in size, are edible and easily harvested. Stratification: CS18 Packet (10 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			159T Pinus radiata Monterey pine. Large. fast-growing evergreen tree from California, growing to 35 m (120 ft) or more there - 10 m (33 ft) in 10 years. A major forestry and agroforestry tree (the latter in New Zealand), with the timber being used for all construction purposes etc. Also used as a sand dune stabiliser and source of resin. Likes sun and a light acid soil - prefers the South and West of Britain; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			160E Pinus sylvestris Scots pine. Large evergreen tree from Scotland, growing to 36 m (120 ft) high - 6 m (20 ft) in 10 years. A major forestry tree in Europe, producing good quality timber used for all construction purposes etc. The young shoots and essential oil from them are used medicinally. Likes sun and a well drained soil; hardy to -30°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (65 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	161A Plantago lanceolata Ribwort plantain. Well known perennial plant found in pasture. The young leaves can be eaten raw or cooked, also used medicinally. The plants are good mineral accumulators and are a source of dyes. Any site on sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			163E Platanus acerifolia London plane. Large hybrid tree growing to 35 m (120 ft) high - 5 m (16 ft) in 10 years. Tolerant of pollution - often grown as a street tree. The timber is tough and difficult to split, and is valued for cabinet making and inlay work. Likes sun and a fertile well-drained soil; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (150 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	163H Polemonium reptans Abscess root. A North American perennial growing 30 cm (1 ft) high. Likes a moist soil and sun or part shade. It makes a good ground cover plant, and the dried roots have long been used medicinally. Likes a shady site in a humus-rich acid soil; hardy to -25ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	163S Polygonatum odoratum Solomon’s Seal. Creeping perennial with arching stems to 90 cm (3 ft) high. A ground cover with medicinal rhizomes. Likes sun or part shade and a humus-rich soil; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (10 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	164E Primula denticulata Drumstick primula. Perennial from the Himalayas, growing to 30 cm (1 ft) high. The flowers are edible raw - good in salads. The roots are used medicinally. Makes a good ground cover plant. Likes a moist soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	164F Prunella vulgaris Self heal. A native perennial plant, growing in most soils as long as they are not too dry. It grows to about 40 cm high and makes a good ground cover in sun or part shade. The leaves are edible (need washing to remove bitterness) and have many medicinal effects. Bees and butterflies like the plant. Very hardy. Stratification: ND Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			165 Prunus cerasifera Cherry plum, Myrobalan. A small tree growing some 8 m (26 ft) high (4 m in 10 years) and bearing yellow or red plum-sized fruits which are edible, sweet and juicy; they may hang on the tree until October. Good in hedges and windbreaks. Also an early source of nectar and pollen for honey & bumble bees. Likes sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: WS4+CS20 Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			165E Prunus laurocerasus Laurel, Cherry laurel. A vigorous evergreen shrub from Southeastern Europe, growing to 8 m (27 ft) high - 6 m (20 ft) in 10 years. Widely used as a hedging and shelter plant. The fruits (currant sized) are edible raw or cooked, being sweet and pleasant when ripe; the leaves are insecticidal. Bees love the flowers. Likes a moist well-drained soil and sun or shade - tolerates deep shade; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS20 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			165G Prunus lusitanica Portuguese cherry laurel. Evergreen tree or shrub from Spain and Portugal, growing to up to 18 m (60 ft) high; often a shrub to 6 m (20 ft) high. Widely used as a hedging and shelterbelt tree. Bees love the flowers. Likes a moist well-drained soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS20 Packet (25 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
T			165F Prunus mahaleb St Lucie cherry. A small European tree, growing to 7 m (23 ft) or more in height; often cultivated as an ornamental for its flowers. The leaves are edible, used as a flavouring; the seed kernels are also apparently edible when cooked. A useful windbreak and erosion control tree, sometimes used as a rootstock for other cherries. The wood is used for pipes and walking sticks. Likes a moist site in full sun; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: WS3+CS26 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		165P Prunus tenella Dwarf Russian Almond. A shrub which grows 1.5 m (5 ft) tall in sun on most soils, this produces large fruits in late summer about 25 mm across, with a good flavour. The seeds are rather bitter and best not eaten, though they have been and are less bitter on some bushes. Can also be used as a ground cover, and has been used as a cold-hardy almond rootstock. Very cold-hardy, to -45ºC. Stratification: CS13 Packet (10 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
T			165S Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir. A very large evergreen tree from Western North America, growing to 70 m (230 ft) high - 8 m (27 ft) in 10 years. Very widely grown as a timber tree, the wood being used for all construction purposes. The shoot tips are used to make a tea, the bark is used for tanning. Likes a moist acid soil and sun or shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			165R Pterocarya fraxinifolia Caucasian wing nut. A large deciduous tree from the Caucasus, growing up to 30 m (100 ft) high (8 m in 10 years) with a short thick trunk. Long fruiting catkins are followed by strings of edible seeds. The timber is used for matches, clogs and fuel. Likes a moist site in full sun; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: WS3+CS26 Packet (26 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	165Y Pulmonaria officinale Lungwort. Evergreen European perennial growing 30 cm (1 ft) high, liking shade and any soil. Well known for its medicinal leaves and flowering shoots, the leaves are also edible, though bland. Makes a good ground cover plant in shade. A good early bee plant. Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (20 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		P	165Z Pycnanthemum pilosum Mountain mint. Perennial from the USA growing to 1.4 m (4½ ft) high when flowering. The leaves and flower buds are delightfully minty and used as a flavouring and to make teas. Bees like the flowers. Moist soils in sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C Stratification: ND Packet (150 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			165X Pyrus communis Common pear, Wild pear. A columnar medium sized tree with dark glossy green leaves, white flowers in spring, followed by edible pear fruits in autumn. Can grow to 15 m (50 ft) high. A parent of cultivated pears, native to Europe and long naturalised in Britain, the fruits often need bletting (after ripening indoors) and are sometime best cooked. A dye can be obtained from the leaves and the tree can be used in shelterbelts. The timber is highly prized by cabinet makers. Likes sun or part shade and a reasonable soil; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS16 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		166C Rhamnus cathartica Buckthorn. A large shrub from Northern temperate regions, growing to 6 m (20 ft) high - half that in 10 years. The fruit and bark are used medicinally and as dye sources, the branches for basketry, and the shrub in hedges. Bees like the flowers. Any soil in sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS34 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		166F Rhamnus frangula Alder buckthorn. A native European medium shrub, growing 3 m (10 ft) high. The bark is medicinal, while dyes are obtained from the bark, leaves and fruits. A good bee and butterfly plant, also good in hedges. The wood is very hard and traditionally used for show lasts and wooden dowels; it is also valued for making the best charcoal for gunpowder. Likes a moist soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: WS4+CS30 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		167 Rhus glabra Smooth sumach. A shrub to 3m (10 ft) high, with fruit clusters which are soaked in water to make a lemonade-like drink; young shoots are also edible raw. Dyes, tannins and medicinal products are obtained from several parts. Tree used in hedging and for erosion control; good bee plant in summer. Growth 3m (10 ft) in 10 years; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: WS13+CS13 Packet (60 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			168 Rhus typhina Staghorn sumach. A small suckering North American tree, growing 10 m (32 ft) high (3 m in 10 years). The fruits can be steeped in water to make a lemonade-like refreshing drink; the fruits can also be eaten cooked. Dyes are obtained from the fruit and leaves, leaves and bark are used for tanning, the hollowed branches can be used as pipes, it is a good bee plant and also suitable for hedging and windbreaks. Several medicinal uses. Dioecious; likes a well drained soil and a position in sun or part shade; hardy to about -35°C. Stratification: WS2+CS13 Packet (60 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			170 Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust. A large thorny North American tree, naturalised in Britain. Grows quickly up to 25 m (80 ft) high and suckers freely. Seeds, young pods and flowers are edible when cooked, several parts are used medicinally, dyes are obtained from leaves and bark, leaves are insecticidal, bees love the flowers, and the valuable timber is used for construction, fencing, flooring etc. Like a well-drained soil and full sun; hardy to about -35°C. Stratification: SC Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		171 Rosa moyesii Moyes rose. An erect, open shrub to 3m (10 ft) high, with large edible bright crimson hips 2" (50 mm+) long. Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS17 Packet (18 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		171C Rosa rubiginosa Sweet briar, Eglantine. A strong growing, medium-sized shrub to 2 m (7 ft) high with stout, erect stems, aromatic leaves and fragrant flowers. The large fruits (hips) are edible, as are the fragrant flower petals (raw in salads). Good in hedges. Likes a moist position in full sun; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: WS13+CS26 Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		172 Rosa rugosa Ramanas rose. A vigorous medium bushy shrub, reaching 2.5 m (8 ft) high within a few years. Bears large edible hips (hairs around seeds must be removed), the flowers are used in teas and preserves. Excellent in hedges and windbreaks, also a good dune and soil stabiliser; also a bee plant. Many medicinal uses. Any reasonable soil in full sun; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: CS17 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		172B Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary. Evergreen shrub from Southern Europe with tough aromatic leaves, growing to 2 m (6 ft) high. Source of the familiar leaves used for flavouring (especially meat); the flowers are also edible in salads. The leaves and essential oil are used medicinally and the oil in perfumery and toiletries. Bees love the flowers. Needs a warm sunny site and well-drained soil; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: ND Packet (80 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		P	172D Rumex Schavel An evergreen sorrel from Eastern Europe, growing to 1.2 m (4 ft) high when flowering. It has very nice edible leaves, larger than many sorrel species. Grows in any soil in sun or part shade, and will self-seed around the garden. Very hardy. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		172H Ruscus aculeatus Butcher’s broom. A dwarf evergreen shrub to 75 cm (30”) high with spine-tipped dark green leaves. Has medicinal uses, shoots used for brooms. Sun or shade and any soil; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (3 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		172F Ruta graveolens Rue. A dwarf evergreen shrub from Southern Europe, growing to 50 cm (20”) high. The leaves can be used as a flavouring, but better known as a medicinal plant which attracts bees and beneficial insects. The essential oil is used in perfumery; also used as a ground cover. Can cause skin irritation. Likes a well-drained soil and sun or light shade; hardy to-25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	172G Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead. Marginal aquatic plant to 90 cm (3 ft) high with arrow-shaped leaves. Bears edible tubers in the pond soil. Hardy to -15°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		172A Salvia officinalis Sage. A hummock-forming evergreen shrub about 60 cm (2 ft) high and wide, with soft grey-green aromatic leaves and purple flowers in summer. Needs a well-drained soil and sun - winter wet can be fatal. The leaves and flowers are edible as a culinary herb (the flowers are particularly good in salads) and are used medicinally. Bees love the flowers. The essential oil from the plant is used in numerous soaps, shampoos, perfumes etc. Makes a good ground cover plant in sunny situations. Hardy to -23°C. Stratification: ND Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			173 Sambucus nigra Elderberry. Our native elder, a small tree to 6m (20 ft) high, bearing large bunches of edible flowers (raw/in drinks) and black fruits (raw or cooked). Many parts have medicinal uses and furnish dyes; leaves are insecticidal. Good in fruiting hedges. Growth 4m (13 ft) in 10 years; hardy to about -20°C). Stratification: WS13+CS26 Packet (150 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		174 Sambucus racemosa Red berried elder. A European shrub to 3m (10 ft) high, bearing dense clusters of edible flowers and bright scarlet fruits which are used in the same ways as the black fruited elder. Good in hedges. Hardy to -25°C. Stratification: WS13+CS26 Packet (150 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	173A Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot. Woodland perennial, spreading via rhizomes, growing 15 cm (6”) high. Medicinal roots, red dye from roots, bee plant. Likes shade and a humus-rich soil; hardy to -30°C. Stratification: CS8 Packet (8 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	173C Sanguisorba minor Salad burnet. An evergreen perennial growing some 60 cm (2 ft) high, flowering from spring to summer, with an extensive root system. The young leaves are available all year and are edible in salads with a mild flavour. The leaves & stems are used medicinally and the plant is a good mineral accumulator; bees like the flowers. Prefers a well-drained, calcareous soil, but will grow in most situations including in grass. Hardy to -23ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	173B Sanicula europaea Wood sanicle. Smallish woodland perennial with shiny green leaves and pinkish-white flowers in late spring & summer. All parts are medicinal; a mineral accumulator and ground cover. Likes shade and a neutral or alkaline soil; hardy to -20°C Stratification: CS8 Packet (30 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		P	174A Saponaria officinalis Soapwort. A perennial from Europe, growing 60 cm (2 ft) high, spreading more. As well as being a good ground cover plant (spreading vigorously), the leaves and roots contain saponins and can be used as soap sources: merely soak leaves/stems in warm/hot water, then use the soapy water to wash clothes etc. The flowers furnish dyes, whilst bees and butterflies feed on the nectar; the roots and flowering plant are also used medicinally. Likes a moist position in sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: WS4+CS4 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			174B Sassafras albidum Sassafras. A long-lived, columnar to upright large tree, spreading by suckers, growing to 25 m (80 ft) high. It has aromatic dark green leaves which turn yellow to orange in autumn, and tiny yellow flowers in spring as the leaves emerge. The leaves, shoots, and root bark are all used as a flavouring, notably in beers but also in cooking; the root bark and essential oil are used medicinally. The plant repels insects and a dye is made from the wood. Likes a deep acid fertile soil and sun or part shade. Hardy to -23°C. Stratification: CS16 Packet (12 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		174C Schisandra chinensis Magnolia vine. A strong-growing climbing shrub Japan and Korea, reaching 9 m (30 ft) high. The fragrant flowers are followed by scarlet edible fruits. the young leaves are also edible when cooked. Fruit, leaves and bark are all used medicinally. Dioecious; likes part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	173M Scirpus lacustris (Schoenoplectus l.) Great bulrush. Perennial aquatic plant from temperate regions, growing to 3 m (10 ft) high or more. Edible parts include the young roots and rhizomes (cooked), the stem bases (raw or cooked), seeds and young shoots (raw or cooked). The stems can be used for baskets, mats etc. A water purifier and good fowl fodder which also prevents erosion. Likes sun and water or at least wet soil! Hardy to -25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	174D Sedum telephium Orpine. An evergreen perennial with succulent leaves from Europe, growing to 60 cm (2 ft) high. The leaves are edible (raw) - very nice - and the plant makes a good ground cover plant (self-seeding freely). Also a bee plant. Likes a well-drained site, and happy in sun, part or deep shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			174F Sequioa sempervirens Coast redwood. The well-known fast growing coniferous tree from Western North America, reaching 100 m (330 ft) high there; it is also very happy in the West of Britain, growing 1 m per year. A fibre can be made from the bark, and the timber is extremely durable, used for sleepers, joinery, fencing, water pipes, cooperage etc. Likes a moist soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			174H Sequioadendron giganteum Wellingtonia, Sierra redwood. Another fast growing evergreen, from California, which reaches 50 m (150 ft) there; it also likes the West of Britain, growing 70 cm per year. The timber is extremely durable, used for sleepers, joinery, fencing, water pipes, cooperage etc. Likes a moist soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		175 Shepherdia argentea Buffalo berry. A medium or large thorny shrub from N.America, growing 3-6 m (10-20 ft) high (to 4 m in 10 years). An excellent nitrogen-fixing species. The scarlet fruits are edible raw (if bletted or frosted) or cooked, with a sweet-acid flavour. Very good in hedges and windbreaks; also a bee plant. Dioecious; likes full sun or part shade and a well-drained soil; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: CS13 Packet (80 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		175C Shepherdia canadensis Russet buffalo berry. A medium shrub from North America, growing to 2.5 m (8 ft) high. An excellent nitrogen-fixing species to use as a green manure shrub. It produces edible fruits (bletted or frosted) and is good in hedges & windbreaks. Dioecious; likes a well-drained soil & full sun; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: WS4+CS12 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	175B Smilacina racemosa False spikenard. A woodland perennial from North America, growing to 1 m (3 ft) high when flowering. It bears very nice edible small fruits – treacle flavoured. The young shoots can be eaten cooked, and the plant makes a good ground cover in shade. Likes a moist acid soil and part or full shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: WS8+CS8 Packet (15 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		175E Smilax aspera Sarsaparilla. A vigorous evergreen climber from Southern Europe to Asia, growing to 15 m (50 ft) high into trees. The young shoots are eaten cooked as a vegetable; the roots are used medicinally. Used for hedging in warm climates Likes a site in sun or light shade; hardy to -5°C. Stratification: ND Packet (40=13 db seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	175D Smyrnium olusatrum Alexanders. A vigorous biennial of the umbellifer family, native to Europe and brought to Britain by the Romans, where it soon naturalised. Grows to 75-120 cm high in most soils. The young shoots, leaves, flower buds and roots are all edible, with a celery-like flavour; the seeds are peppery and can be ground as a condiment. Virtually evergreen over the winter and a very useful winter salad and cooking vegetable. Stratification: ND Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	175T Solidago canadensis Goldenrod. Perennial from North America, growing to 1.5 m (5 ft) high. The flowers are edible in salads and the leaves used to make a tea. All parts are used medicinally. The flowers are used for dyeing and a rubber is extracted from the plant; bees like the flowers. Most soils in sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			175F Sophora japonica Japanese pagoda tree. A large tree from China and Korea, growing to 25 m (80 ft) high (4.5 m in 10 years). A legume, probably fixing nitrogen. The young leaves and flowers can be eaten cooked and made into a tea; all parts are used medicinally. The seed pods yield a dye. A useful bee plant; the timber is used for tool handles etc. Likes a well-drained soil and full sun; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: SC Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			175H Sorbus aria Whitebeam. A medium tree from Europe, growing 12 m (40 ft) high (6 m in 10 years). Produces masses of fruits which are edible if bletted, frosted or cooked; the fruits are also used medicinally. A bee and hedging plant, the timber of which is valued for turnery, carving and tool handles. Likes a neutral or alkaline soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS16 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			175L Sorbus aucuparia Rowan, Mountain ash. A small or medium European tree, growing up to 15 m (50 ft) high, though usually less. The fruits are edible if cooked (usually made into preserves), while the leaves and flowers are used in teas. All parts are used for tanning and dyeing. The timber is used for fuel, turnery, fencing etc. A hedging, shelterbelt and bee plant. Likes a site in sun or part shade; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: CS16 Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			176C Sorbus intermedia Swedish whitebeam. A medium tree from Northwestern Europe, growing to 12 m (40 ft) high (6 m in 10 years). The fruits it produces are edible (may need bletting or frosting). A good bee and hedging plant. Likes sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS16 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		177B Spartium junceum Spanish broom. An upright shrub with slender dark green shoots and narrow dark green leaves, growing to 3 m (10 ft) high. It bears numerous pea-like, fragrant yellow flowers from early summer to early autumn. A nitrogen-fixer; a fibre is made from the stems which is used for rope and fabrics. Small stems are used for basketry. The flowers can be used to dye yellow, and an essential oil is made from the flowers and used in perfumery. It needs a well-drained soil and full sun - thrives in coastal situations. Hardy to -12°C. Stratification: SC Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		177C Staphylea pinnata Bladder nut. A large vigorous shrub from Europe and Asia, growing 5 m (16 ft) high in 10 years. It produces edible seeds 1 cm across tasting rather like pistachio nuts. Likes a moist soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: WS22+CS13 Packet (10 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		177F Staphylea trifoliata American bladder nut. A large shrub from N.America, growing 5 m (16 ft) high in 10 years. It produces edible seeds 6 mm across tasting rather like pistachio nuts; the seeds can be pressed to extract an edible oil. Likes a moist soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -23°C. Stratification: WS17+CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
		P	177Q Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew. Perennial from Europe and Asia, growing 60 cm (2 ft) high; likes sun and any soil, self-sows prolifically. A well-known medicinal herb. The flower buds have insecticidal qualities similar to pyrethrum. Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			177S Taxodium distichum Swamp cypress. A large conifer - not evergreen - from the Southern USA, growing to 40 m (130 ft) high - 5 m (16 ft) in 10 years. Can be coppiced, unlike most conifers. It has exceptionally durable timber which is highly valued for anything in contact with water, also other exterior uses. Likes a sunny site and moist or wet soil - one of the few trees to tolerate periods of waterlogging. Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (5 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			177R Taxus baccata Yew. The familiar small to medium evergreen tree from Europe, growing up to 14 m (46 ft) high. The seeds are poisonous but the red flesh around them is sweet and edible. The leaves, poisonous to livestock, contain valuable anti-cancer compounds and are insecticidal. The timber is valued for flooring, veneers etc. Often used for ornamental hedges. Dioecious, tolerating deep shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: WS20+CS50 Packet (35 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	177V Thalictrum minus Perennial from Europe, growing to 1.5 m (5 ft) high. Likes a well-drained soil and sun or part shade. Makes quite a good ground cover plant; the leaves and roots are medicinal. Hardy to -20ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			177T Thuja occidentalis American arbor-vitae, White cedar. A medium evergreen tree from North America, growing to 15 m (50 ft) high (3 m in 10 years). The young shoots have a pleasant fruity odour when crushed and are used to make a tea; the shoots and an oil from the leaves is used medicinally. The timber is durable and valued for roof shingles, exterior boarding, fencing, sleepers, canoes etc. Likes a moist soil and full sun; hardy to -40°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (150 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		177Z Thymus serpyllum Wild thyme. A prostrate evergreen shrublet growing 20 cm (8”) high. Leaves are used for flavouring. A good bee plant and ground cover for rocky sites. Likes a well-drained neutral to alkaline soil and sun; hardy to -25°C or so. Stratification: ND Packet (150 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		178A Thymus vulgaris Thyme. Familiar prostrate evergreen shrublet from Southern Europe, growing to 40 cm (16”) high. The leaves are used as a flavouring, and the leaves and flowering shoots medicinally. An essential oil is also used medicinally, in perfumery and toiletries. A good bee plant and ground cover for rocky sites. Likes a well-drained neutral to alkaline soil and sun; hardy to -20°C or so. Stratification: ND Packet (300 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
		P	177X Tiarella cordifolia Foam flower, Cool wort. Evergreen perennial from North America, growing 30 cm (1 ft) high. Likes a site in part or deep shade, in any soil. Often used ornamentally as a good ground cover plant in woodland; the roots, leaves and stems are used medicinally. Hardy to -35ºC. Stratification: ND Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			178 Tilia cordata Small leaved lime. A large tree, growing sometimes to 40m (130 ft) high. The young leaves are edible (raw); the sap is edible in the same way as maple sap; flowers are used to make a tea; and seeds are edible. Very good bee plants. Good in hedges and shelterbelts; a good green manure plant, with falling leaves high in nutrients. Growth 8m (26 ft) in 10 years; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: WS13+CS26 Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			179 Tilia platyphyllos Large leaved lime. A large tree, growing sometimes to 40m (130 ft) high. The young leaves are edible (raw); the sap is edible in the same way as maple sap; flowers are used to make a tea; and seeds are edible. Very good bee plants. Good in hedges and shelterbelts; a good green manure plant, with falling leaves high in nutrients. Growth 8m (26 ft) in 10 years; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: WS26+CS26 Packet (40 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			179C Tilia tomentosa Silver lime. A large tree from Southeastern Europe, growing to 20 m (70 ft) or more in height (5 m in 10 years). Free from aphids. The young leaves are edible raw or cooked, and the flowers used to make a tea. A good bee plant (though the flowers have a narcotic effect on them). The timber is used for panelling, carving, furniture etc. Likes a position in sun or part shade; hardy to about -20°C. Stratification: WS26+CS26 Packet (25 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			180D Tsuga canadensis Eastern hemlock. Large evergreen tree from Eastern North America, growing to 45 m (150 ft) high - 5 m (16 ft) in 10 years. A major forestry tree, with the timber used for all construction purposes etc. The bark is used for tanning and dyeing. The leaves are used to make a beer and the essential oil from them as a flavouring. Likes a moist acid soil and sun or shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (100 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
T			180E Tsuga heterophylla Western hemlock. Large evergreen tree from Western North America, growing to 30 m (100 ft) high. A major forestry tree, with the timber used for all construction purposes etc. The bark is used for tanning and dyeing. The leaves are used to make a tea and a beer and the essential oil from them as a flavouring. Likes a moist soil and sun or shade; hardy to -25°C. Stratification: CS4 Packet (150 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		180C Ulex europaeus Gorse, Furze, Whin. The well known small prickly evergreen shrub from Western Europe, growing to 1.5 m (5 ft) high, with bright yellow flowers at almost any time of the year. Good dyes are obtained from the flowers, and the plant's wind-tolerance makes it an excellent nurse or windbreak shrub. Also good at stabilising soils. The branches burn readily and make good kindling. Bees love the flowers and goats like to nibble the foliage! A good nitrogen-fixing legume species, which needs sun and a well-drained soil; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: SC Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			180G Ulmus glabra Wych elm, Scotch elm. Large European tree growing to 30 m (100 ft) high - 6 m (20 ft) in 10 years. Best known for its durable timber, especially in contact with water - used for waterwheels etc, as well as furniture etc. Often grows in hedges. The suckers are used for basketry and a fibre can be obtained from the bark, which is also medicinal. Grows in most soils in sun or part shade; hardy to -25°C. Not as susceptible to Dutch elm disease as the English elm. Stratification: ND Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
T			180F Ulmus pumila Siberian elm. A small tree from Northern Asia, growing to 10 m (32 ft) high. One of the few elm species resistant to Dutch elm disease. The young leaves and buds, and immature fruits are edible. The wood is very decay-resistant in water and valued for waterwheels etc. Sun or part shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		180M Vaccinium myrtillus Bilberry, Whortleberry. A dwarf European shrub, often found on moorlands, growing to 50 cm (20”) high. It bears sweet-acid edible fruits, 12 mm (0.5”) across, eaten raw, dried or cooked; the leaves can be used to make a tea. The leaves and fruits are also used medicinally. Bees love the flowers. It needs a sunny site and very acid well-drained but moist soil; hardy to -30°C. Stratification: CS16 Packet (500 seeds): £3.50 Packets required:
		P	180P Valeriana officinalis Valerian. European perennial growing 1.5 m (5 ft) high when flowering, liking sun or part shade and most soils. A well-known and frequently used medicinal plant, sometimes commercially cultivated. Makes a good liquid plant feed and compost activator. Watch out for cats who love to roll on the plant! Hardy to -20°C. Stratification: ND Packet (200 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		183 Viburnum opulus Guelder rose, Cranberry bush, Cramp bark. A large European shrub, growing to 4.5 m (14 ft) high. It bears large clusters of bright red fruits which are edible when cooked (they are mildly poisonous raw) - used as a cranberry substitute. The fruits and bark are used medicinally, and the fruits as a food colouring. A good hedging and bee plant. Likes a moist site in sun, part shade or quite deep shade; hardy to -35°C. Stratification: WS17+CS9 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		183F Viburnum rufidulum Southern black haw. A large upright deciduous shrub from North America, growing up to 10 m (32 ft) high. White flowers are followed by blue-black, large edible fruits. Likes a moist soil and sun or part shade; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: WS26+CS13 Packet (8 seeds): £3.50 Packets required:
	S		183N Viburnum tinus Laurustinus. A large bushy evergreen shrub to 4 m (13 ft) high with white flowers in winter. A good hedging plant, tolerating trimming, also a bee plant. Likes sun or part shade; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: CS34 Packet (30 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		184 Viburnum trilobum American cranberry bush, Highbush cranberry. A shrub to 4m (13 ft) high, closely related to the guelder rose. Bears good crops of bright red fruits up to 12 mm (½") across, which can be made into a slightly bitter jelly like rowan jelly. Hardy to -40°C. Stratification: WS17+CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		184C Vitex agnus-castus Chaste tree. An aromatic medium shrub from Southern Europe, growing to 3 m (10 ft) high, sometimes more. The fruits and seeds are used as a pepper substitute and the leaves as a spice. The leaves are also used medicinally. Branches are used for basketry and the bush is a bee plant. Likes a well-drained soil and full sun; hardy to -15°C. Stratification: ND Packet (100 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		184L Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria. A vigorous climbing (twining) plant from China, growing to 10 m (33 ft) high or more - half that in 10 years. A nitrogen-fixing plant which acts as a green manure shrub. The flowers are edible (usually cooked) and seeds have been eaten but are not recommended - they are used medicinally. A fibre, paper and cloth can be made from the bark. Used as a screening vine and facade insulation; bees love the flowers. Needs a warm sunny site and well-drained soil; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: SC Packet (10 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:
	S		184N Yucca baccata Spanish bayonet. An evergreen shrub with sword-like tough leaves and impressive flower spikes from the Southern USA, growing to 1 m (3 ft) high or more. The tough leaves can be used for basketry and to make a fibre, also split and used as twine. The roots are a source of a soap substitute, and edible parts include the flowers, flower stalks and fruits, Likes a very well drained soil and sun; hardy to -15°C or so. Stratification: SC Packet (7 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		185 Zanthoxylum alatum Nepal pepper. A large shrub from the Himalayas growing to 4m (13 ft) high. The seeds are peppery and can be used as a spice and pepper substitute (as in China). Needs a sunny site. Growth 4m (13 ft) in 10 years; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: CS17 Packet (50 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		187B Zanthoxylum schinifolium Szechuan pepper. A very aromatic shrub from China and Japan growing 2 m (6 ft) or more high. The leaves can be used as a flavouring, but the main use is the peppercorn-like black seeds, which are used a spice (peppery and fragrant) - grown commercially as a spice crop in Asia. Grows well in any reasonable soil in sun or light shade; hardy to -20ºC. Stratification: CS13 Packet (20 seeds): £2.00 Packets required:
	S		188 Zizyphus jujube Chinese date, Jujube. A large shrub up to 9m (30 ft) high. Bears edible fruits which are cherry to plum sized and very sweet; the oil from the seeds is also edible. Fruits are also used medicinally. A good bee plant. Needs a sunny, sheltered site. Growth 2m (7 ft) in 10 years; hardy to -20°C. Stratification: Snip down central suture with secateurs+ND Packet (5 seeds): £2.50 Packets required:

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